. 2020 Jun 8;9(6):501. doi: 10.3390/antiox9060501

Table 4.

Effect of ripening and landrace on the volatile profile of peppers.

	Ripening Level		SEM	p Value	Landrace			SEM	p Value
	Green	Red	SEM	p Value	“Cuerno”	“Sueca”	“Valencia”	SEM	p Value
*acids*
hexanoic acid	0.40	0.23	0.09	ns	0.54	0.15	0.26	0.11	ns
2-ethylhexanoic acid	0.40	0.25	0.10	ns	0.46	0.12	0.37	0.12	ns
n-dodecanoic acid	1.33	0.59	0.18	**	1.34	0.79	0.74	0.22	ns
octanoic acid	1.17	0.54	0.12	***	0.97	0.66	0.95	0.14	ns
nonanoic acid	3.17	1.69	0.37	**	2.99	1.58	2.71	0.45	ns
decanoic acid	0.23	0.21	0.07	ns	0.22	0.14	0.30	0.09	ns
*alcohols*
ethanol	2.43	0.31	0.32	***	2.64^A	1.03^B	0.43^B	0.39	**
2-octen-1-ol (E)	6.10	0.41	0.48	***	3.02	3.38	3.37	0.59	ns
cis -3 nonel -1- ol	7.42	0.08	1.44	***	3.73	6.09	1.43	1.76	ns
*aldehydes*
acetic aldheyde	0.56	0.04	0.05	***	0.36	0.29	0.25	0.06	ns
pentanal	0.25	0.09	0.04	*	0.09	0.27	0.15	0.05	ns
hexanal	2.39	0.79	0.22	***	1.37	1.78	1.61	0.27	ns
(Z)-4-heptenal	2.20	0.28	0.17	***	1.06	1.32	1.35	0.21	ns
nonanal	2.15	0.59	0.19	***	1.76	1.15	1.19	0.24	ns
nonenal	24.30	0.72	4.41	***	18.05^a	17.47^a	2.01^b	5.40	*
nonadien 2-(trans)-6-(CIS)-al	7.84	2.09	1.27	**	6.41	5.14	3.34	1.56	ns
(2E,4E)-2,4-decadienal	1.49	0.07	0.12	***	0.83	0.76	0.75	0.15	ns
*alkanes*
2-2, dimethyldecane	0.86	0.23	0.11	***	0.41	0.70	0.53	0.13	ns
n-dodecane	0.54	0.39	0.14	ns	0.28	0.54	0.57	0.17	ns
3-methyltridecane	0.13	0.01	0.06	ns	0.00	0.19	0.02	0.07	ns
1-cyclopropylpentane	1.18	0.27	0.11	***	0.71	0.72	0.76	0.13	ns
*ketones*
1-penten-3-one	1.23	0.59	0.16	**	0.89	1.14	0.71	0.20	ns
4-methyl 2-pentanone	0.03	0.01	0.01	ns	0.01	0.00	0.05	0.02	ns
2-heptanone	0.70	0.37	0.10	*	0.31^b	0.50^b	0.80^a	0.12	*
cis-tagetone	3.23	0.23	2.00	ns	5.15	0.04	0.00	2.78	ns
5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dithian-2-one	6.70	2.21	0.68	**	1.52^b	5.66^a	6.20^a	0.83	***
*terpenes*
2-propenyldiene-1-cyclobutene	0.04	0.79	0.11	***	0.07^B	0.45^B	0.73^A	0.14	**
3-carene	75.05	0.13	12.61	***	26.45	39.96	46.35	15.45	ns
beta-trans-ocimene	0.11	0.05	0.05	ns	0.05	0.12	0.07	0.06	ns
7-methyl-1-octene	0.60	0.09	0.07	***	0.44	0.28	0.31	0.09	ns
Allo-ocimene	1.66	0.03	0.28	***	0.55	0.92	1.06	0.34	ns
copaene	11.95	2.69	2.10	*	7.93	10.18	3.86	2.57	ns
cyclosativene	1.46	0.48	0.25	*	1.12	1.22	0.57	0.31	ns
β-linalool	5.70	1.50	0.62	***	1.44^b	3.79^a	5.55^a	0.76	**
α-santalene	0.62	0.05	0.11	***	0.57^a	0.35^a	0.09^b	0.13	*
α-Bergamotene	9.53	0.57	1.69	***	7.74	5.08	2.34	2.06	ns
β-farnesene	2.28	0.39	0.34	***	1.99	1.16	0.86	0.42	ns
*esters*
	0.34	0.16	0.07	ns	0.40	0.20	0.14	0.09	ns
n-octyl formate	0.00	0.04	0.02	ns	0.05	0.00	0.01	0.03	ns
methyl salicylate	24.80	4.83	4.28	**	12.50	21.41	10.54	5.24	ns
ethyl salicylate	1.69	0.09	0.33	**	1.72^a	0.93^a	0.02^b	0.41	*
ethyl hexadecanoate	0.50	0.07	0.11	**	0.49	0.15	0.23	0.13	ns
*aromatic hydrocarbons*
o-xylene	0.03	0.01	0.01	ns	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.01	ns
mesithylene	0.05	0.11	0.03	ns	0.05	0.13	0.06	0.04	ns
2,4,6-trimethylanisole	1.92	0.09	0.28	***	0.80	1.48	0.74	0.34	ns
*furans*	0.29	0.12	0.04	**	0.16	0.22	0.24	0.04	ns
furan,2,3-dihydro-4-methyl	0.70	0.37	0.10	*	0.31^b	0.50^b	0.80^a	0.12	*
2-pentylfuran	3.19	0.32	0.39	***	1.24	2.02	2.00	0.48	ns
*miscellaneous component*
nitrogen oxide	1.00	0.34	0.14	**	0.51	0.69	0.81	0.17	ns
N-methylpyrrole	0.40	0.32	0.07	ns	0.38	0.41	0.29	0.09	ns
2-Isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine	37.11	3.07	3.15	***	18.84	23.01	18.42	3.86	ns
carbon disulfide	0.41	0.42	0.12	ns	0.42	0.49	0.35	0.12	ns

^a,b Means with different letters within the same row are statistically different (p < 0.05). ^A,B Means with different letters within the same row are statistically different (p < 0.01). SEM = Standard error. ns: p > 0.05; *: p ≤ 0.05; p ≤ 0.05; **: p ≤ 0.01; ***: p ≤ 0.001.