Table 4.

Patents/patent applications for oral care products containing V. vinifera extracts.

Type of Oral Care Product	Type of Extract	Bioactive Compounds	Other Actives in the Product	Claimed Effects	Patent/Patent Application Number
Toothpaste Oral rinse	V. vinifera seed or pulp extracts	Polyphenols	Potassium nitrate Metal cations salts Polyphosphates, pyrophosphates, phosphonates Fluoride ion source Xylitol	Prevention or treatment of halitosis Antimicrobial effect	US 6,706,256 B2 [157]
Rinse, wet wipe towelettes or spray for dental appliances hygiene	V. vinifera seed or pulp extracts	Polyphenols	α- hydroxy- acid, hydrogen peroxide, denatured alcohol, or ethanol	Antimicrobial effect Anti-odor effect Stain remover	US 2012/0207806 A1 [158]
Oral hygiene composition	V. vinifera seed aqueous extract	Polyphenols, mainly oligo-proanthocyanidin	Inorganic fluorine salts	Anti-biofilm effect Reduced microbial colonization	US 2010/0129297 A1 [159]
Oral rinse	V. vinifera seed extract	Polyphenols	Essential oil Hydrogen peroxide Alcohol	Antimicrobial Anti-inflammatory	US 8,273,385 B1 [160]
Dentifrice	V. vinifera extract	Not mentioned	Calcium carbonate Red iron oxide	Astringent effect Antibacterial Anti- inflammatory	US 7,736,629 B2 [161]
Oral hygiene tablets and capsules	V. vinifera skin extract	Anthocyanins	Other herbal ingredients	Anti-inflammatory Soothing effect Protective effect on gums and mouth tissue	US 8,728,446 B2 [162]
Quick-dissolving cleansing agent	V. vinifera extract	Not mentioned	Sodium fluoride	Antioxidant Vasoconstriction Astringent effect	US 6,664,225 B2 [163]