ACR |
Albumin/Creatinine ratio |
AGEs |
Advanced glycation end products |
AMPK |
5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase |
ASC |
Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain |
AUC |
Area under the curve |
BUN |
Blood urea nitrogen |
DM |
Diabetes mellitus |
DN |
Diabetic nephropathy |
FBG |
Fasting blood glucose |
GPx |
Glutathione peroxidase |
4-HNE |
4-hydroxynonenal |
HO-1 |
Hemeoxygenase-1 |
IL-1β |
Interleukin-1β |
IL-6 |
Interleukin-6 |
iNOS |
Inducible nitric oxide synthase |
NC |
Normal control |
NF-κB |
Nuclear factor-κB |
NLRP3 |
NOD-like pyrin domain containing receptor 3 |
NQO1 |
NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase-1 |
PKC |
Protein kinase C |
RAGE |
Receptor for advanced glycation end products |
ROS |
Reactive oxygen species |
SIRT1 |
Sirtuin1 |
SMA |
Smooth muscle actin |
SOD |
Superoxide dismutase |
T2DM |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus |
TGF-β |
Transforming growth factor-β |
TNF-α |
Tumor necrosis factor-α |
QA |
Quamoclit angulata |
QAE |
Quamoclit angulata extract |