Rotenone-induced necroptosis in PD patients. (A–D) Cells were treated with rotenone and/or necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) for 24 h. (A) Cells were loaded with 50 nM tetramethylrhodamine, methyl ester, perchlorate (TMRM). The results represent the percentage ± SD of TMRM-negative cells detected by flow cytometry (** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 in comparison with basal conditions; ##
p < 0.01 in comparison to Co line), n = 10,000 events. (B,C) SH-SY5Y cells were costained with annexin-FITC and propidium iodide (PI). The results represent the percentage ± SD of annexin+ or PI+ cells detected by flow cytometry (** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared to basal conditions), n = 10,000 events. (D) SH-SY5Y cells were loaded with MitoSOX (2 μM). The results represent the percentage ± SD of MitoSOX+ cells detected by flow cytometry (** p < 0.01, compared to basal conditions), n = 10,000 events. Experiments were done three times.