Table 3.
Compound involved in the secondary metabolism of quelite species and their antioxidant activity.
| Species | Plant Part | Antioxidant Compounds | Antioxidant Activity 1 | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amaranthus cruentus | Whole plant | Total phenolics (gallic acid), total flavonoids (catechin) and tannins | [41] | |
| A. hypochondriacus, A. caudatus and A. cruentus | Leaves, stalks, flowers, sprouts and seeds | Betalain; amaranthine; iso-amaranthine; betanin; iso-betanin-gallic, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, gentistic, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic, ferulic, ellagic and salicylic acids; rutin; kaempferol-3-rutinoside; and quercetin | FRAP and ORAC | [48] |
| A. hybridus | Leaves | Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, hydrocyanic acid and phytic acid | [55] | |
| A. spinosus and A. viridis | Leaves | Chlorophyll, total carotenoids, β-cyanin and β-xanthin content, β-carotene, vitamin C, total polyphenols and total flavonoids | DPPH and ABTS | [68] |
| A. acanthochiton, A. deflexus and A. viridis | Leaves | Vitamin C, total phenolics (gallic acid), flavonoids (catechin) | ORAC | [69] |
| A. hybridus, Chenopodium berlandieri and Portulaca oleracea | Leaves | Chlorophyll; carotenoids; ferulic, chlorogenic, caffeic, gallic, chlorogenic, vanillic, p-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric and syringic acids; rutin; phloridzin; myricetin; quercetin; naringenin; phloretin; galangin; apigenin | DPPH, ABTS and FRAP | [54] |
| Portulaca oleracea, Chenopodium spp., Amaranthus spp., Chenopodium spp. and Suaeda spp. | Leaves | Total phenolics (gallic acid), total flavonoids (quercetin) and condensed tannins | DPPH, ABTS and DMPD | [53] |
| Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, Solanum scabrum, Crotalaria longirostrata and Gynandropsis gynandra | Leaves | Vitamin C, total phenolics (gallic acid) and total flavonoids (catechin) | ORAC | [49] |
| Begonia nelumbiifolia | Stalks and leaves | β-Carotene, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, quercetin, rutin and kaempferol | DPPH | [60] |
| Brassica rapa | Leaves | Caffeic acid, sinapic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and myricetin | DPPH, FRAP, TEAC and ORAC | [61] |
| Phaseolus coccineous | Young leaves | α-Tocopherols, γ-tocopherols and δ- tocopherols | [62] | |
| Portulaca oleracea | Whole plants | Total phenolics (gallic acid), total flavonoids (rutin) and total carotenoids | DPPH and FRAP | [70] |
| Piper auritum | Leaves | β-Pinene, α-terpinene, trans-β-ocimene, terpinolene, safrole, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, trans-nerolidol and phytol | ABTS | [52] |
1 DPPH, 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power; ORAC, oxygen radical absorbance capacity; TEAC, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; DMPD, N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine.