5mC	5-methylcytosine
ACSM	American College of Sports Medicine
ADP	Adenosine diphosphate
ALA	Delta-aminolevulinic acid
AMP	Adenosine monophosphate
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
ASC	Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
BDNF	Brain-derived neutrophic factor
BHMT	Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase
BW	Body weight
cAMP	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CRP	C reactive protein
Cyt c	Cytochrome c
DNMT	DNA methyltransferases
EAA	Essential amino acids
ecNOS	Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
GI	Glycemic index
GL	Glycemic load
GLUT-4	Glucose transporter 4
GSTP	Glutathione S-transferase pi
HAT	Histone acetyltransferases
HDAC	Histone deacetylases
HSPs	Heat shock proteins
IGF-1	Increased insulin-growth factor-1
IGF-2	Insulin growth factor-2
IL-1,6,10	Interleukine 1, 6, 10
IL-1ra	Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist
MAPKs	Mitogen-activated protein kinases
MEF2A	Myocyte enhancer transcription factor 2A
MEF2D	Myocyte enhancer transcription factor 2D
MGMT	Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
miRNAs	microRNAs
MMP-3	Matrix metalloproteinase 3
mTFA	Mitochondrial transcription factor
MTHFR	Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase
MUFA	Monounsaturated fatty acids
NAD+	Oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADPH	Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NHANES	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
NK	Natural killer cells
NO	Nitric oxide
NRF-1	Nuclear respiratory factor 1
PGC-1α	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
PKA	Protein kinase A
PPARD	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta
PPARγ	Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma
PUFA	Polyunsaturated fatty acids
RARβ	Retinoic acid receptor beta
RNS	Reactive nitrogen species
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SAH	S-adenosylhomocysteine
SAM	S-adenosylmethionine
SFA	Saturated fatty acids
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
TFA	Trans-fatty acid
TNF-R	Tumor necrosis factor receptor
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
vitamin B12	Cobalamin
WHO	World Health Organization
β-AR	Lipolysis-inducing β-adrenoceptor
ω-3	Omega-3
ω-6	Omega-6