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. 2020 Jun 19;9(6):537. doi: 10.3390/antiox9060537

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Basic level (time 0 h) of cutaneous carotenoids in skin for non-smokers (nSm, n = 57), moderate (mSm, n = 18, < 10 cig./day) and strong smokers (sSm, n = 23, ≥ 10 cig./day) analyzed by resonant Raman spectroscopy (RRS). The figure contains the results of study A and B (basic level (time 0 h), β-carotene, lycopene), (A) ß-carotene level [a.u.] (B) Lycopene level [a.u.]; boxplot chart with percentile 25.75, median (black line), mean (black square) and outlier (black cross), * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001.