Table 1.
Volunteers’ characteristics and analyzed parameters assigned to the different studies (A–D).
| Sub-Study | Smoking Status | Number of Participants | Gender: Female/Male |
Analyzed Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | nSm | 57 | 33/24 | Basic (0 h) AO status in skin: radical scavenging capacity, carotenoids |
| mSm | 18 | 7/11 | ||
| sSm | 23 | 9/14 | ||
| B | nSm | 13 | 9/4 | Basic GSH (0 h) status in skin |
| mSm | 0 | n.a. | ||
| sSm | 13 | 5/8 | ||
| C | nSm | 10 | 5/5 | AO status 4 h after defined cigarette consumption compared to basis (0 h) status in skin and blood plasma of sSm: scavenging capacity, carotenoids, GSH and IL-22 (blood only) |
| mSm | 0 | n.a. | ||
| sSm | 10 | 5/5 | ||
| D | nSm # | 5 | 4/1 | Basic status of expression of oxidative stress-associated genes in blood cells and its comparison to the status 4 h after defined cigarette consumption in sSm |
| mSm | 0 | n.a. | ||
| sSm # | 5 | 3/2 |
nSm, non-smokers; mSm, moderate smokers; sSm, strong smokers; # The results of substudy D are derived from the non-smoking-/smoking collective from substudy C; n.a.: not applicable.