Table 3.

Most frequent costs identified in the context of Lyme disease

Costs	No. of studies	Brief description	Cost category
Intervention	18 [17, 18, 20–26, 28, 29, 31–35]	Antibiotic treatments or vaccine interventions studied	Formal health sector
Health resource utilization	17 [17, 18, 20–26, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35]	Office visits, hospitalizations, management of adverse events and other direct medical costs pursuant to common Lyme sequelae	Formal health sector
Productivity losses	10 [16–18, 21, 23, 26, 28–30, 36]	Any absenteeism or presenteeism costs due to disease	Non-health sector
Serological testing	9 [18, 22–26, 28, 32, 33]	Diagnostic testing	Formal health sector
Health system issues	5 [6, 20, 28, 30, 36]	Costs experienced with health system navigation including diagnostic delays, unconventional therapies, costs of inconvenience and costs related to concern for false positive tests	Other
Travel expenses	4 [16, 27, 28, 36]	Any travel expenses related to Lyme sequelae	Informal health sector
Informal care costs	2 [26, 28]	Caregiver time costs	Informal health sector