Table 3. Effect modification onset of infection (community-associated vs hospital-associated) for established predictors of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales infection, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, January 2010–December 2016 (n = 376).

Parameter	Effect modification by onset of infection (community-associated vs hospital-associated)
Parameter	OR^a	95% CI	p value
Recent hospitalisation^b	2.35	0.81–6.79	0.116
Admission from other healthcare facility	NA	NA	NA
Antibiotic therapy with β-lactams or fluoroquinolones^c	3.84	1.17–12.56	0.026
Urinary catheterisation^d	2.26	0.68–7.50	0.181
Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 4	1.53	0.32–7.39	0.598
Age ≥ 70 years	0.71	0.25–1.97	0.507
History of ESBL-PE colonisation/infection^e	1.06	0.20–5.62	0.943
Hospitalisation in ESBL high-burden region^e,f	NA	NA	NA
Chronic indwelling vascular hardware^g	1.98	0.58–6.78	0.278
Any antibiotic exposure within last 6 months^h	2.50	0.80–7.81	0.114
Age ≥ 43 years	1.12	0.15–8.31	0.910

CI: confidence interval; ESBL-PE: extended-spectrum β lactamase-producing Enterobacterales; NA: not applicable; OR: odds ratio.

^a Odds ratios and respective 95% CIs represent interactions terms.

^b More than 2 days within 12 months before index hospitalisation.

^c Lasting > 48 h during the 3 months preceding admission.

^d Within 30 days before index blood culture.

^e Within 6 months before index hospitalisation.

^f India (1), France (1) and North Macedonia (1).

^g Central venous catheters (including peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-lines, ports, pace-makers) and central dialysis catheters

^h Extended-spectrum penicillins, third/fourth generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, aztreonam, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides.

Bold print indicates significant p values.