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. 2020 Jul 8;18:277. doi: 10.1186/s12967-020-02441-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and regional brain analysis. VBM was performed using high resolution ex vivo T2*W MRI, demonstrating a statistical reduction in grey matter volume, particularly in the cerebral cortex. a The combined grey matter mask and Jacobian deformation field for an individual old mouse used for VBM analysis after linear and non-linear co-registration and spatial normalization in ANTs. Intensity is mapped to deformation, where red and yellow (positive) or green and blue (negative), respectively, progressively indicated morphologic changes in a representative old-aged mouse. White arrows are representative areas of cortical thinning. b A grey-scale template is shown, created from multiple co-registered, normalized, and intensity averaged young mouse brains. The areas where the voxels are significantly different in the young from the old mouse brains, as a combination of the Jacobian Field and grey-matter mask, are overlaid in red, with p < 0.05 (t-test). The white bar represents a scale bar with size of 2 mm