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. 2020 Jul 8;8:102. doi: 10.1186/s40478-020-00983-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Astrocytes take up RBC-EVs via dynamin-dependent endocytosis resulting in dysfunction of glutamate clearance. a Representative images of cultured astrocytes treated with DiI-labeled RBC-EVs in the presence or in the absence of dynasore or EiPA. Application of dynasore prevented astrocyte uptake of RBC-EVs (Scale bar, 10 μm). b Quantification analysis of percentage of astrocytes showing RBC-EV uptake (means + S.E.M; n = 3; *p < 0.05, ****p < 0.0001 by One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer’s post-hoc test). c Quantification analysis of uptake of H3-labelled aspartic acid in astrocytes. The presence of dynasore mitigated the effect of RBC-EVs (means + S.E.M; n = 3; ***p < 0.001 by ordinary Two-way ANOVA test and Sidak’s multiple comparisons post-test)