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. 2020 Jul 8;20:202. doi: 10.1186/s12866-020-01888-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — The effects of arsenate and ampicillin co-treatment on persister formation, ATP levels, and persister resuscitation. a-b Exponentially growing cells (OD₆₀₀ = 0.25) were treated with solvent (DI water) or 10 mM arsenate for 30 min. At t = 180 min, ampicillin was added into cell cultures. After the ampicillin treatment, cells were transferred to fresh LB media to monitor persister resuscitation with a flow cytometry. c Cells during the antibiotic treatments were plated to generate the kill curves (N = 3). d ATP levels of control and co-treatment groups were measured before ampicillin treatment using a BacTiter-Glo™ Microbial Cell Viability Assay kit (N = 3). *indicates a significant difference between control and co-treatment groups (P < 0.05)