Table 1.

Summary of the major topics reviewed in this article.

Major topics reviewed	Critical information on the topic
Neuronal receptors for CSPGs	• PTPσ, LAR, NgR1, and NgR3
Potential intracellular signals to convey CSPG inhibition	• RhoA/ROCK, Akt/ GSK-3β, PKC, and MARK
Comparisons of the signals downstream of PTPσ and LAR	Shared signals by both receptors: RhoA, Akt/GSK-3β, Erk, and MAP1B Major signals downstream of PTPσ: CRMP2, APC, mTOR/S6 kinase, and CREB Major signals downstream of LAR: cofilin, PKCζ and LKB1
Clinical trial drugs to target CSPG downstream signals	RhoA inhibitors: cell-permeable C3 (also called Cethrin, BA-210 and VX-210) and high dose of ibuprofen GSK-3 inhibitor: lithium