Table 4. Clinical Course and Outcomes, According to Age Group.*.
| Variable | Overall (N=99) |
0–5 Years (N=31) |
6–12 Years (N=42) |
13–20 Years (N=26) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median time from symptom onset to hospital admission (IQR) — days | 4 (3–6) | 4 (3–6) | 5 (4–5) | 4 (3–6) |
| ICU admission — no. (%) | 79 (80) | 19 (61) | 38 (90) | 22 (85) |
| Median time to ICU entry (IQR) — days | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) |
| Median length of stay (IQR) — days | ||||
| Overall | 6.0 (4.0–9.0) | 6.0 (3.0–8.0) | 6.0 (4.0–10.0) | 6.5 (6.0–10.0) |
| Among those discharged | 6.0 (4.0–8.0) | 5.0 (3.0–7.0) | 4.0 (4.0–8.0) | 6.0 (5.0–10.0) |
| Therapy — no. (%) | ||||
| BiPAP or CPAP† | 7 (7) | 1 (3) | 3 (7) | 3 (12) |
| High-flow nasal cannula† | 16 (16) | 1 (3) | 10 (24) | 5 (19) |
| Mechanical ventilation† | 10 (10) | 3 (10) | 3 (7) | 4 (15) |
| ECMO | 4 (4) | 1 (3) | 2 (5) | 1 (4) |
| Vasopressor support | 61 (62) | 15 (48) | 29 (69) | 17 (65) |
| Systemic glucocorticoids | 63 (64) | 16 (52) | 30 (71) | 17 (65) |
| IVIG | 69 (70) | 26 (84) | 30 (71) | 13 (50) |
| Systemic glucocorticoids and IVIG | 48 (48) | 15 (48) | 25 (60) | 8 (31) |
| Diagnoses — no. (%)‡ | ||||
| Kawasaki’s disease or atypical Kawasaki’s disease | 36 (36) | 15 (48) | 18 (43) | 3 (12) |
| Myocarditis | 52 (53) | 12 (39) | 21 (50) | 19 (73) |
| Shock | 10 (10) | 4 (13) | 5 (12) | 1 (4) |
| Coronary-artery aneurysm | 9 (9) | 4 (13) | 4 (10) | 1 (4) |
| Acute kidney injury | 10 (10) | 3 (10) | 4 (10) | 3 (12) |
| Death — no. (%) | 2 (2) | 1 (3) | 1 (2) | 0 |
*
BiPAP denotes bilevel positive airway pressure, CPAP continuous positive airway pressure, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ICU intensive care unit, and IVIG intravenous immune globulin.
†
Therapies were not mutually exclusive; 2 patients received both BiPAP or CPAP and mechanical ventilation, and 3 patients received both high-flow nasal cannula and mechanical ventilation.
‡
One patient received diagnoses of stroke and seizures.