Table 2.
Reports of coronaviruses in wastewater or sewage.
| Virus | Sample | Detection method | Location | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV | sewage | RT-qPCR | China | Wang et al., 2005c |
| SARS-CoV-2 | wastewater | RT-qPCR | USA | Wu et al.,2020a |
| SARS-CoV-2 | sewage | RT-qPCR | Netherlands | Medema et al., 2020 |
| SARS-CoV-2 | Wastewater | RT-qPCR | Australia | Ahmed et al., 2020a |
| SARS-CoV-2 | Wastewater (treated and untreated) | RT-qPCR | France | Wurtzer et al., 2020 |
| SARS-CoV-2 | wastewater | RT-qPCR | Netherlands | Lodder & de Roda Husman,2020 |
| SARS-CoV-2 | wastewater | RT-qPCR | Spain | Randazzo et al., 2020 |
| SARS-CoV-2 | wastewater | RT-qPCR | USA | Nemudryi et al., 2020 |
| SARS-CoV-2 | wastewater | RT-qPCR | USA | Green et al., 2020 |
| SARS-CoV-2 | wastewater | RT-qPCR | Israel | Or et al., 2020 |
| SARS-CoV-2 | primary and secondary wastewater and sludge | RT-qPCR | Spain | Balboa et al., 2020 |
| SARS-CoV-2 | Primary sludge | RT-qPCR | USA | Peccia et al., 2020 |
| SARS-CoV-2 | wastewater | nested RT-PCR and real-time qPCR | Italy | La Rosa et al., 2020 |
| SARS-CoV-2 | wastewater | RT-qPCR | Japan | Haramoto et al., 2020 |
| SARS-CoV-2 | wastewater | RT-qPCR | Pakistan | Sharif et al., 2020 |
| SARS-CoV-2 | wastewater | RT-qPCR | Japan | Hata, et al., 2020 |
| SARS-CoV-2 | wastewater | RT-qPCR | India | Kumar et al., 2020 |
| SARS-CoV-2 | Wastewater and rivers | RT-qPCR and whole genome sequencing | Italy | Rimoldi et al., 2020 |
| SARS-CoV-2 | Waste Activated sludge | RT-qPCR | Turkey | Kocamemi et al., 2020 |