Fig. 6. PPM1A regulated Th2 differentiation through STAT and AKT signaling pathways. (A) PPM1A expression was determined by western blot analysis in cells transfected with either pcMV6-entry (vector) or PPM1A-ORF. STAT and AKT were analyzed by western blot. β-actin was included as an internal control (n = 3–6). PPM1A-ORF vs. vector; (B) Flow cytometry analysis of GATA-3 expression or T-bet expression in Th2-polarized CD4⁺ T cells infected with miR-1165-3p enhancer lentivirus and/or transfected with PPM1A-ORF. Data are representative of independent experiments with similar results (n = 3–6) (C) PPM1A in the plasma of the asthmatic and control groups was quantified (n = 18–20).

PPM1A, protein phosphatase, Mg²⁺/Mn²⁺-dependent 1A; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; NS, not significant; miR-1165-3p, microRNA-1165-3p.

^*P < 0.05, ^†P < 0.01, ^‡P < 0.001 vs. blank group; ^§P < 0.05, ^‖P < 0.01, enhancer + PPM1A-ORF vs. enhancer + vector.