Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics Overall and by Categories of Estimated Kidney Function Based on Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Equation
| eGFR Based on CKD-EPI, mL/min per 1.73 mm2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristicsa | Total (N = 7770) | <60 (n = 202) | 60 to <90 (n = 2738) | ≥90 (n = 4826) |
| Demographic and Behavioral | ||||
| Age, median (Q1, Q3), y | 50 (45–55) | 54 (49–58) | 52 (47–56) | 49 (44–54) |
| Natal sex, no. (%) | ||||
| Male | 5352 (69) | 148 (73) | 2072 (76) | 3130 (65) |
| Female | 2418 (31) | 54 (27) | 666 (24) | 1696 (35) |
| Race, no. (%)b | ||||
| Black or African American | 3378 (43) | 58 (29) | 923 (34) | 2395 (50) |
| White | 2701 (35) | 121 (60) | 1364 (50) | 1214 (25) |
| Asian | 1139 (15) | 6 (3) | 273 (10) | 860 (18) |
| Other | 552 (7) | 17 (8) | 178 (7) | 357 (7) |
| Ethnicity, no. (%)c | ||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 698 (18) | 24 (13) | 309 (16) | 365 (20) |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 3187 (81) | 154 (86) | 1600 (83) | 1429 (79) |
| Unknown | 34 (1) | 2 (1) | 21 (1) | 11 (1) |
| Enrollment region, no. (%) | ||||
| High income | 4096 (53) | 183 (91) | 2025 (74) | 1884 (39) |
| Other regionsd | 3674 (47) | 19 (9) | 713 (26) | 2942 (61) |
| Smoking status, no. (%) | ||||
| Current | 1933 (25) | 41 (20) | 664 (24) | 1227 (25) |
| Former | 1906 (25) | 72 (36) | 790 (29) | 1043 (22) |
| Never | 3923 (51) | 89 (44) | 1281 (47) | 2552 (53) |
| Cardiovascular and Metabolic | ||||
| History of hypertension, no. (%) | 1785 (23) | 88 (44) | 705 (26) | 991 (21) |
| History of diabetes, no. (%) | 66 (1) | 8 (4) | 19 (1) | 39 (1) |
| Use of antiplatelet therapy, no. (%)e | 275 (4) | 14 (7) | 138 (5) | 123 (3) |
| Weight, median (Q1, Q3), kg | 75 (64–87) | 87 (78–97) | 79 (69–90) | 72 (61–84) |
| BMI, median (Q1, Q3)f | 25.8 (22.8–29.4) | 28.7 (25.3–31.6) | 26.3 (23.7–29.8) | 25.2 (22.1–29.0) |
| BMI, no. (%)f | ||||
| <18.5 | 288 (4) | 1 (<0.5) | 40 (1) | 247 (5) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 3115 (40) | 45 (22) | 986 (36) | 2083 (43) |
| 25–29.9 | 2664 (34) | 80 (40) | 1054 (39) | 1528 (32) |
| ≥30 | 1696 (22) | 75 (37) | 657 (24) | 963 (20) |
| BSA, median (Q1, Q3), m2 | 1.9 (1.7–2.0) | 2.0 (1.9–2.1) | 1.9 (1.8–2.1) | 1.8 (1.7–2.0) |
| BP, median (Q1, Q3) mm Hg | ||||
| Systolic | 122 (113–132) | 125 (116–133) | 122 (114–132) | 122 (112–132) |
| Diastolic | 80 (72–85) | 80 (74–85) | 80 (72–85) | 80 (71–86) |
| HIV-Related Health Status | ||||
| Nadir CD4 count | ||||
| <200/ µ L | 3792 (49) | 96 (48) | 1348 (49) | 2347 (49) |
| ≥200/ µ L | 3716 (48) | 95 (47) | 1279 (47) | 2340 (48) |
| Unknown | 262 (3) | 11 (5) | 111 (4) | 139 (3) |
| CD4 cell count, median (Q1, Q3), cells/ µ L)g | 620 (447–826) | 621 (448–855) | 619 (444–840) | 621 (449–816) |
| HIV-1 RNA, copies/mL | ||||
| <400 | 5865 (98) | 189 (99) | 2401 (98) | 3272 (97) |
| ≥400 | 133 (2) | 2 (1) | 42 (2) | 89 (3) |
| Total ART duration, median (Q1, Q3), y | 10 (5–15) | 11 (6–18) | 10 (6–16) | 9 (5–13) |
| Tenofovir exposure duration, median (Q1, Q3), y | 5.5 (3.0–8.7) | 6.1 (2.9–10.0) | 6.0 (3.0–9.3) | 5.1 (2.9–8.1) |
| Tenofovir exposure duration, no. (%) | ||||
| 0 y | 1185 (15) | 22 (11) | 295 (11) | 867 (18) |
| <5 y | 2836 (37) | 70 (35) | 933 (34) | 1831 (38) |
| 5 to <10 y | 2609 (34) | 63 (31) | 976 (36) | 1569 (33) |
| ≥10 y | 1127 (15) | 46 (23) | 526 (19) | 555 (12) |
| ART regimen class, no. (%) | ||||
| NRTI + INSTI | 1978 (25) | 111 (55) | 1021 (37) | 842 (17) |
| NRTI + NNRTI | 3676 (47) | 29 (14) | 833 (30) | 2814 (58) |
| NRTI + PI | 1439 (19) | 23 (11) | 537 (20) | 879 (18) |
| NRTI sparing | 199 (3) | 10 (5) | 110 (4) | 79 (2) |
| Other NRTI containing | 476 (6) | 29 (14) | 235 (9) | 212 (4) |
| Other Comorbidities | ||||
| History of kidney disease, no. (%) | 29 (<0.5) | 8 (4) | 17 (1) | 4 (<0.5) |
| Chronic viral hepatitis, no. (%) | 361 (5) | 15 (7) | 161 (6) | 185 (4) |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; BSA, body surface area; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor; IQR, interquartile range; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor.
aAll statistics are calculated based on participants with data collected. Statistical comparisons between eGFR groupings are not made because the cohort size provides very high power to detect very small differences of no clinical relevance. Four participants missing eGFR by CKD-EPI are included in the overall total. Missing data include smoking status (n = 8), weight (n = 4), BMI (n = 7), CD4 cell count (n = 22), HIV-1 RNA level (n = 1772), total ART use (n = 2), ART regimen class (n=2), and medical history (n = 6). ART regimen class (n=2).
b“Other” race includes self-identification as native or indigenous to the enrollment region, >1 race (with no single race noted as predominant), or unknown race.
cEthnicity presented per National Institutes of Health definition for participants in United States (including Puerto Rico) and Canada only.
dIncludes Latin American and Caribbean, South East and East Asia, South Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. Statistical comparisons between eGFR groupings are not made because the cohort size provides very high power to detect very small differences of no clinical relevance.
eIncludes aspirin.
fBMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
gRecorded at entry.