Table 4.
Adjusted and Fully Adjusted Logistic Regression to Assess Baseline Factors Associated With Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate <90 mL/min/1.73 mm2 by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Equation
| Adjustedb | Fully Adjustedc | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covariatea | OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value |
| Natal sex, female vs male | 0.60 (.54–.67)d | <.001 | 0.93 (.82–1.05) | .22 |
| Race | ||||
| Asian vs White | 0.27 (.23–.31)d | <.001 | 1.06 (.87–1.28) | .58 |
| Black or African American vs White | 0.33 (.30–.37)d | <.001 | 0.45 (.40–.51) | <.001 |
| Other vs White | 0.44 (.36–.53)d | <.001 | 0.76 (.62–.95) | .01 |
| Age (y), per 5 y | 1.36 (1.31–1.41) | <.001 | 1.40 (1.34–1.46) | <.001 |
| Enrollment region, other regionse vs High Income | 0.23 (.21–.26) | <.001 | 0.25 (.22–.29) | <.001 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current vs never | 0.95 (.84–1.07) | .36 | … | … |
| Former vs never | 1.25 (1.11–1.41) | <.001 | … | … |
| History of hypertension, yes vs no | 1.56 (1.40–1.75) | <.001 | 1.26 (1.12–1.43) | <.001 |
| History of diabetes yes vs no | 1.12 (.67–1.86) | .67 | … | … |
| Use of antiplatelet therapy, yes vs nof | 1.76 (1.36–2.26) | <.001 | 0.98 (.75–1.28) | .88 |
| Weight (kg), per 5 kg | 1.09 (1.08–1.11) | <.001 | … | … |
| BMIg | ||||
| <18.5 vs 18.5–24.9 | 0.43 (.30–.61) | <.001 | 0.46 (.32–.66) | <.001 |
| 25–29.9 vs 18.5–24.9 | 1.40 (1.25–1.57) | <.001 | 1.34 (1.18–1.51) | <.001 |
| ≥30 vs 18.5–24.9 | 1.66 (1.45–1.90) | <.001 | 1.39 (1.20–1.61) | <.001 |
| BSA (m2), per 0.5 mm2 | 2.33 (2.07–2.62) | <.001 | … | … |
| BP (mm Hg), per 10 mm Hg | ||||
| Systolic | 1.01 (.98–1.05) | .44 | … | … |
| Diastolic | 1.00 (.95–1.05) | .98 | … | … |
| Duration of ART exposure (y) | ||||
| 5–10 vs <5 | 1.02 (.89–1.17) | .75 | … | … |
| ≥10 vs <5 | 1.42 (1.25–1.61) | <.001 | … | … |
| Nadir CD4 count (cells/mm2) | ||||
| <200 vs ≥200 | 1.12 (1.02–1.24) | .02 | … | … |
| Unknown vs ≥200 | 1.46 (1.13–1.90) | .004 | … | … |
| CD4 count (cells/ µ L), per 100 cells | 1.01 (.99–1.02) | .54 | … | … |
| Tenofovir exposure (y) | ||||
| 0 to <5 vs 0 | 1.52 (1.30–1.78) | <.001 | 1.83 (1.54–2.16) | <.001 |
| 5 to <10 vs 0 | 1.87 (1.60–2.18) | <.001 | 1.62 (1.37–1.91) | <.001 |
| ≥10 vs 0 | 2.50 (2.09–3.00) | <.001 | 1.66 (1.37–2.01) | <.001 |
| Chronic active viral hepatitis, yes vs no | 1.70 (1.37–2.12) | <.001 | 1.26 (1.00–1.58) | .051 |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure, BSA, body surface area; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
aParticipants with a history of kidney disease (n = 29) and missing estimated glomerular filtration rate by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (n = 4) have been excluded.
bEstimates from univariate models, adjusted for natal sex and race.
cEstimates from multivariable logistic regression; covariates with P values <.001 and clinically meaningful estimated effect sizes were chosen for inclusion in the fully adjusted model.
dEstimate from a univariate model.
eIncludes Latin American and Caribbean, South East and East Asia, South Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa.
fIncludes aspirin.
gBMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.