Table 1. Demographic data and clinical characteristics at presentation of patients with AS.

	Total	Female	Male
	n = 307	n = 62	n = 245	P-value
Age, year, mean ± SD	46.4 ± 13.3	44.9 ± 14.5	46.8 ± 13.0	0.333
Disease duration, year, mean ± SD	20.6 ± 12.1	15.7 ± 11.6	21.8 ± 12.0	<0.001
Smoking	122 (39.7)	4 (6.5)	118 (48.2)	<0.001
HLA-B27, n (%)	300 (97.7)	60 (96.8)	240 (98.0)	0.58
Prior use of biologics	19 (6.2)	4 (6.4)	15 (6.1)	1.00
Current use of biologics	108 (35.5)	28 (45.2)	81 (33.1)	0.08
Current use of NSAIDs	269 (87.6)	54 (87.1)	215 (87.8)	0.89
Comorbidities
No. of comorbidities, mean ± SD	1.1 ± 1.2	0.7 ± 1.0	1.2 ± 1.2	0.001
Hypertension	77 (25.1)	10 (16.1)	67 (27.3)	0.069
Diabetes mellitus	29 (9.4)	3 (4.8)	26 (10.6)	0.165
Hyperlipidemia	55 (17.9)	6 (9.7)	49 (20)	0.058
Hepatitis B	37 (12.1)	6 (9.7)	31 (12.7)	0.520
Hepatitis C	8 (2.6)	2 (3.2)	6 (2.4)	0.665*
Gout	18 (5.9)	2 (3.2)	16 (6.5)	0.544*
Coronary artery disease	13 (4.2)	1 (1.6)	12 (4.9)	0.478*
Stroke	1 (0.4)	0 (0)	1 (0.4)	1.000*
Periodontal disease	77 (25.1)	8 (12.9)	69 (28.2)	0.013
Osteoporosis	26 (8.5)	6 (9.7)	20 (8.2)	0.702
Extra-spinal manifestation	165 (53.7)	36 (58.1)	129 (52.7)	0.445
Uveitis	90 (29.3)	18 (29.0)	72 (29.4)	0.956
Psoriasis	24 (7.8)	4 (6.5)	20 (8.2)	0.795*
Crohn’s disease	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	-
Ulcerative colitis	1 (0.3)	1 (1.6)	0 (0)	0.202*
Peripheral arthritis	87 (28.3)	19 (30.6)	68 (27.8)	0.652
Enthesitis	57 (18.6)	15 (24.2)	42 (17.1)	0.202
Dactylitis	9 (2.9)	0 (0)	9 (3.7)	0.213*
Family history of AS (first or second degree relatives)	125 (40.7)	30 (48.4)	95 (38.8)	0.169
First degree relatives	59 (19.2)	14 (22.6)	45 (18.4)	0.452
Second degree relatives	89 (29.0)	22 (35.5)	67 (27.3)	0.207

Data were shown as number (percentage) unless specified otherwise.

*Fisher’s exact test.

Abbreviations: AS, ankylosing spondylitis; SD, standard deviation.