Table 3. The kinematics (mean ± standard deviation) pre-and post-training in barbell bench press.
| Lifting phase | Training group | Vertical displacement (cm) | Time (sec) | Velocity (m/s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre- sticking region | SM# | Pre | 7.92 ± 2.76 | 0.25 ± 0.15 | 0.32 ± 0.07 |
| SM | Post | 6.05 ± 2.67 | 0.17 ± 0.06 | 0.28 ± 0.08* | |
| SW# | Pre | 6.55 ± 2.08 | 0.18 ± 0.04 | 0.33 ± 0.08 | |
| SW | Post | 6.19 ± 1.92 | 0.22 ± 0.09 | 0.28 ± 0.07* | |
| DB# | Pre | 6.90 ± 4.74 | 0.25 ± 0.18 | 0.28 ± 0.13 | |
| DB | Post | 5.94 ± 4.08 | 0.26 ± 0.20 | 0.26 ± 0.09 | |
| Sticking region | SM | Pre | 18.27 ± 5.43 | 0.67 ± 0.19 | 0.21 ± 0.08 |
| SM | Post | 14.96 ± 6.11 | 0.94 ± 0.37 | 0.04 ± 0.11* | |
| SW | Pre | 19.29 ± 5.99 | 0.77 ± 0.35 | 0.17 ± 0.08 | |
| SW | Post | 18.18 ± 7.98 | 0.84 ± 0.48 | 0.08 ± 0.08* | |
| DB | Pre | 17.00 ± 9.88 | 0.69 ± 0.37 | 0.16 ± 0.06 | |
| DB | Post | 17.41 ± 7.96 | 1.03 ± 0.40* | 0.09 ± 0.09 | |
| Post- sticking region | SM | Pre | 35.79 ± 3.73 | 1.31 ± 0.24 | 0.39 ± 0.08 |
| SM | Post | 32.45 ± 6.98 | 2.11 ± 0.85* | 0.33 ± 0.09* | |
| SW | Pre | 35.67 ± 5.52 | 1.48 ± 0.37 | 0.35 ± 0.09 | |
| SW | Post | 34.11 ± 6.52 | 2.15 ± 0.59* | 0.27 ± 0.09 | |
| DB | Pre | 34.36 ± 6.27 | 1.39 ± 0.27 | 0.37 ± 0.10 | |
| DB | Post | 32.71 ± 5.18 | 2.10 ± 1.06 | 0.33 ± 0.07** |
*significant differences between pre- and post training (p < 0.05).
** significant differences between trained exercise and barbell bench press.
#SM = Smith machine, SW = Swiss ball and DB = Dumbbell