Table 2.
Non-coding RNA cancer biomarkers
| Name | ncRNA class | Cancer | Example of biomarker utility | Source material | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-10b | miRNA | pancreatic | detection; prognostic for MFS and OS | tissue | Preis et al., 2011 |
| miR-16 | miRNA | lung | prognostic for OS | blood | Wang et al., 2013 |
| miR-21 | miRNA | breast | prognostic for OS | tissue | Yan et al., 2008 |
| colorectal | detection; prognostic for OS | blood; tissue | Toiyama et al., 2013 | ||
| leukemia | prognostic for OS | blood | Rossi et al., 2010 | ||
| lung | prognostic for CSS and RFS | tissue | Saito et al., 2011 | ||
| prostate | detection | blood | Agaoglu et al., 2011 | ||
| miR-34a | miRNA | lung | prognostic for RFS | tissue | Gallardo et al., 2009 |
| miR-155 | miRNA | leukemia | detection; prognostic for OS | blood | Ferrajoli et al., 2013 |
| miR-221 | miRNA | prostate | detection | blood | Agaoglu et al., 2011 |
| miR-375 | miRNA | prostate | prognostic for OS | blood | Huang et al., 2015 |
| miR-506 | miRNA | gastric | prognostic for OS | tissue | Sakimura et al., 2015 |
| ovarian | prognostic for OS and PFS | tissue | Yang et al., 2013a | ||
| pancreatic | prognostic for OS | tissue | Li et al., 2016a | ||
| miR-1290 | miRNA | colorectal | detection; prognostic for OS and RFS | blood; tissue | Imaoka et al., 2016 |
| prostate | prognostic for OS | blood | Huang et al., 2015 | ||
| CamK-A | lncRNA | breast | prognostic for OS and RFS | tissue | Sang et al., 2018 |
| CCAT1 | lncRNA | colorectal | prognostic for OS, CSS, and RFS | tissue | McCleland et al., 2016; Ozawa et al., 2017 |
| CCAT2 | lncRNA | colorectal | prognostic for OS and RFS | tissue | Ozawa et al., 2017 |
| EPIC1 | lncRNA | breast | prognostic for OS | tissue | Wang et al., 2018 |
| FAL1 | lncRNA | ovarian | prognostic for OS | tissue | Hu et al., 2014 |
| H19 | lncRNA | gastric | detection | blood | Zhou et al., 2015 |
| HOTAIR | lncRNA | breast | prognostic for OS and MFS | tissue | Gupta et al., 2010 |
| colorectal | detection; prognostic for OS | blood; tissue | Kogo et al., 2011; Svoboda et al., 2014 | ||
| ESCC | prognostic for OS | tissue | Li et al., 2013 | ||
| ovarian | prognostic for OS in carboplatin-treated patients | tissue | Teschendorff et al., 2015 | ||
| pancreatic | prognostic for OS | tissue | Kim et al., 2013 | ||
| HOTTIP | lncRNA | liver | prognostic for OS | tissue | Quagliata et al., 2014 |
| HULC | lncRNA | liver | detection | blood; tissue | Panzitt et al., 2007; Xie et al., 2013 |
| LINK-A | lncRNA | breast | prognostic for RFS | tissue | Lin et al., 2016 |
| lncARSR | lncRNA | RCC | prognostic for OS and RFS; prognostic for PFS in sunitinib-treated patients | blood; tissue | Qu et al., 2016a; Qu et al., 2016b |
| MALAT1 | lncRNA | lung | prognostic for OS in early-stage disease | tissue | Ji et al., 2003 |
| prostate | detection | blood; urine | Ren et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2014 | ||
| NEAT1 | lncRNA | prostate | detection; prognostic for MFS, BCR, and CSS | tissue | Chakravarty et al., 2014 |
| PCA3 | lncRNA | prostate | detection | urine | Hessels et al., 2003 |
| PCAT-1 | lncRNA | prostate | detection | tissue | Prensner et al., 2011 |
| PCAT-14 | lncRNA | prostate | detection; prognostic for OS, BCR, MFS, and CSS | tissue | Shukla et al., 2016; White et al., 2017 |
| SChLAP1 | lncRNA | prostate | prognostic for BCR, MFS, and CSS | tissue | Prensner et al., 2014b; Mehra et al., 2016 |
| UCA1 | lncRNA | bladder | detection | urine | Wang et al., 2006 |
| circAR | circRNA | prostate | detection of mCRPC versus primary prostate cancer | tissue | Vo et al., 2019 |
| circCCDC66 | circRNA | colorectal | detection; prognostic for OS | tissue | Hsiao et al., 2017 |
| circCTNNB1 | circRNA | gastric | prognostic for OS | tissue | Yang et al., 2019 |
| ciRS-7 | circRNA | colorectal | detection; prognostic for OS | tissue | Weng et al., 2017 |
Abbreviations: BCR, biochemical recurrence; circRNA, circular RNA; CSS, cancer-specific survival; ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; IncRNA, long non-coding RNA; mCRPC, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; MFS, metastasis-free survival; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; RFS, recurrence-free survival