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. 2020 Jul 9;15(7):e0235754. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235754

Table 3. Characteristics of 340 US hospitals grouped by the proportion of private patient rooms (PPRs), based on discharges between September 2015 and August 2016.

Variable Group 1 (N = 113; PPR<62%) Group 2 (N = 114; PPR = 62–82%) Group 3 (N = 114; PPR>82%) Overall and pair-wise group comparisons p-values
Mean (95% CI) Mean (95% CI) Mean (95% CI) Overall** 1 vs 2* 2 vs 3* 1 vs 3*
HA-MRSA incidence (per 100,000 discharges) 466 (349, 583) 105 (69, 141) 52 (28, 75) <0.001 <0.001 0.020 <0.001
Teaching facility (%) 25.4 (14.3, 36.4) 21.4 (11.6, 31.3) 18.6 (8.4, 28.9) 0.662 0.589 0.695 0.369
Rural location (%) 31.6 (20.9, 42.3) 17.2 (9.1, 25.3) 12.9 (4.8, 20.9) 0.012 0.032 0.448 0.007
Ownership type (%)
    For-Profit 46.1 (34.6, 57.5) 37.9 (27.5, 48.3) 61.4 (49.7, 73.1) <0.001 0.013 0.294 0.003
    Public 26.3 (16.2, 36.4) 11.5 (4.7, 18.3) 2.85 (0, 6.9) 0.015 0.043 <0.001
    Non-Profit 27.6 (17.3, 38.0) 50.6 (39.9, 61.3) 35.7 (24.2, 47.2) 0.009 0.003 0.062
# Licensed beds (Mean) 262 (181, 343) 259 (213, 306) 185 (124, 247) 0.175 0.479 0.027 0.071
Not privately insured (Mean %) 63.9 (60.1, 67.6) 63.1 (60.3, 65.8) 55.3 (51.2, 59.3) 0.001 0.366 0.001 0.001
Hispanic patients (Mean %) 34.1 (28.2, 40.1) 27.4 (22.1, 32.6) 15.6 (12.1, 19.1) <0.001 0.046 <0.001 <0.001
Black patients (Mean %) 9.2 (7.3, 11.1) 11.4 (9.5, 13.3) 10.6 (8.5, 12.7) 0.298 0.055 0.281 0.175
Physical space per bed (Mean; in square feet) 2,045 (1,549, 2,541) 2147 (1,970, 2,325) 3663 (1,606, 5,720) 0.084 0.343 0.052 0.057
LOS in days (Mean) 4.9 (4.4, 5.4) 4.9 (4.5, 5.4) 4.7 (4.4, 5.0) 0.814 0.976 0.520 0.582
Elixhauser score (Mean) 2.6 (2.2, 3.0) 3.4 (3.1, 3.6) 2.7 (2.2, 3.2) 0.018 0.001 0.002 0.355
Nurse-to-patient (Mean) 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) 1.6 (1.2, 2.0) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001
Major therapeutic procedures (Mean %) 33.2 (29.5, 36.8) 28.8 (27.5, 30.1) 46.2 (41.7, 50.8) <0.001 0.013 <0.001 <0.001
Occupancy rate (Mean %) 34.1 (30.3, 37.9) 45.4 (41.9, 48.9) 37.6 (32.9, 42.4) <0.001 <0.001 0.004 0.122

HA-MRSA, hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection

PPRs, private patient rooms.

* Unadjusted pairwise differences in the characteristics of the three groups were evaluated using chi-squared tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables.

** The significance of overall differences across the three groups was evaluated using chi-squared tests for categorical variables and one-way ANOVAs for continuous variables.