Table 1.
Participants characteristics
| Middle-age untrained | Older untrained | Older trained | ANOVA p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants | 22 | 35 | 13 | |
| Age, years | 47.0 (41.8 - 54.4) | 66.0 (64.0 - 68.9)* | 67.0 (65.1 - 68.8)* | <0.001 |
| Height, cm | 164.1 ± 7.1 | 163.5 ± 5.0 | 161.5 ± 5.7 | 0.448 |
| Weight, kg | 64.4 (56.5 - 69.7) | 66.7 (59.2 - 76.7) | 54.1 (49.7 - 58.9)*† | 0.001 |
| BSA, m2 | 1.71 ± 0.2 | 1.74 ± 0.1 | 1.58 ± 0.1*† | 0.006 |
| Body fat‡, % | 33.4 (28.7 - 40.5) (21) | 39.9 (34.3 - 42.1) | 27.7 (15.5 - 35.7)† (12) | 0.001 |
| Fat free mass, kg | 41.6 ± 6.0 (21) | 41.3 ± 5.0 | 40.0 ± 6.2 (12) | 0.717 |
| 24-hour SBP, mmHg | 117.7 ± 9.5 | 123.7 ± 8.8 | 118.3 ± 12.5 (12) | 0.057 |
| 24-hour DBP, mmHg | 69.5 ± 5.6 | 69.2 ± 5.5 | 70.9 ± 6.9 (12) | 0.673 |
| Awake SBP, mmHg | 121.5 (114.0 - 129.5) | 127.0 (122.0 - 135.0) | 121.5 (110.8 - 134.0) (12) | 0.095 |
| Awake DBP, mmHg | 72.7 ± 6.1 | 72.3 ± 5.6 | 73.2 ± 7.5 (12) | 0.895 |
| Sleep SBP, mmHg | 105.0 ± 10.9 | 111.8 ± 11.9 | 105.5 ± 11.8 (12) | 0.066 |
| Sleep DBP, mmHg | 59.4 ± 8.5 | 59.5 ± 6.8 | 60.3 ± 6.5 (12) | 0.945 |
Parametric and nonparametric sampling distributions are shown as mean ± SD or median (25% - 75%) respectively. Parametric data was analysed by 1-way ANOVA with post hoc analysis (Bonferroni t-tests method) and nonparametric data by Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA on Ranks with post hoc analysis (Dunn’s method). The single number in parentheses represents the number of observations if different from the stated n.
BSA, body surface area; 24-hour SBP, 24-hour systolic blood pressure; 24-hour DBP, 24-hour diastolic blood pressure
*
p <0.05 older trained versus middle-age untrained
†
p <0.05 older trained versus older untrained
‡
includes skin fold measurements for middle-age untrained n=1 and older trained n=2