Table 2.
Resting upright metabolic and hemodynamic variables
| Middle-age untrained | Older untrained | Older trained | ANOVA p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| V̇O2, ml.kg−1.min−1 | 3.1 (2.8 - 3.5) (21) | 3.0 (2.9 - 3.3) | 3.3 (2.8 - 3.7) | 0.420 |
| V̇O2, ml.kgFFM−1.min−1 | 4.9 (4.5 - 5.0) (20) | 4.8 (4.5 - 5.4) | 4.6 (4.0 - 5.5) (12) | 0.663 |
| Q̇, L.min−1 | 3.3 (2.9 - 3.7) | 3.1 (2.8 - 3.4) | 3.4 (3.0 - 3.8) | 0.169 |
| QI, L.m2.min−1 | 1.90 (1.68 - 2.13) | 1.80 (1.60 - 1.95) | 2.20 (1.95 - 2.45)† | <0.001 |
| Q̇, ml.kgFFM−1.min−2 | 84.3 (67.4 - 88.7) (21) | 76.0 (70.0 - 83.0) | 86.5 (77.3 - 91.8) (12) | 0.048 |
| CPO, watts | 0.68 (0.59 - 0.74) (20) | 0.60 (0.50 - 0.70) | 0.70 (0.60 - 0.80)† | 0.111 |
| Heart rate, b.min−1 | 86.8 ± 12.7 | 85.8 ± 10.1 | 72.2 ± 7.1*† | <0.001 |
| SV, ml | 37.8 (33.6 - 43.3) | 36.2 (31.6 - 41.8) | 46.1 (39.6 - 59.9)*† | 0.006 |
| SV, ml.m2 | 22.0 (19.9 - 25.0) | 21.0 (18.4 - 24.2) | 30.1 (25.7 - 38.2)*† | <0.001 |
| SV, ml.kgFFM−1 | 0.96 ± 0.18 | 0.90 ± 0.18 | 1.18 ± 0.18*† (12) | <0.001 |
| MAP, mmHg | 89.8 (86.4 - 99.7) (20) | 89.0 (84.3 - 101.0) | 93.7 (90.6 - 99.7) | 0.406 |
| Ea, mmHg.ml−1.m2 | 4.7 ± 1.1 (20) | 5.2 ± 1.1 | 3.8 ± 0.7† | <0.001 |
| SAC, ml.mmHg−1.m2 | 0.8 (0.6 - 1.0) (20) | 0.6 (0.4 - 0.7)* | 0.7 (0.6 - 0.9) | 0.006 |
| SVR, dynes.s−1.cm−5 | 2243.2 (1964.7 - 2769.6) (20) | 2353.4 (2054.6 - 2774.0) | 2161.5 (2049.6 - 2592.4) | 0.605 |
| a-vDO2, ml.100 ml−1 | 6.1 ± 1.0 | 6.7 ± 1.2 | 5.5 ± 0.9† | 0.003 |
Parametric and nonparametric sampling distributions are shown as mean ± SD or median (25% - 75%) respectively. Parametric data was analysed by 1-way ANOVA with post hoc analysis (Bonferroni t-tests method) and nonparametric data by Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA on Ranks with post hoc analysis (Dunn’s method). The single number in parentheses represents the number of observations if different from the stated n in Table 1.
V̇O2, oxygen uptake; Q̇, cardiac output; CPO, cardiac power; SV, stroke volume; MAP, mean arterial pressure; Ea, effective arterial elastance; SAC, systemic arterial compliance; SVR, systemic vascular resistance; a-vDO2, arterial-venous oxygen content difference
p <0.05 older trained versus middle-age untrained
p <0.05 older trained versus older untrained