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Vitamin D3 and L3 target receptors and mitochondria for regulation of the cell phenotype and homeostatic activities.
D3 and L3 precursors are hydroxylated by either microsomal or mitochondrial CYPs to generate (OH)nD3, (OH)nL3 and classical 1,25(OH)2D3, which can bind to the A or G site of VDR, or to RORs, AhR or 1,25D3 MARRS to activate genomic or non-genomic signal transduction pathways. The mitochondrion is also a target for these hydroxyderivatives.
