The effects of vitamin D3 derivatives on OXPHOS and glycolytic flux. A, Energetic map indicates that there is a shift from mitochondrial to glycolytic metabolism after treatment HaCaT cells with 100 nM 20(OH)D3 or 1,25(OH)2D3 for 24 h. The effects of vitamin D3 derivatives on ATP production by mitochondria (B), glycolysis (C), and total amounts (cytoplasm) (D) are shown. Data are means ± SD, n = 2). *P < 0.05 (Student’s t-test).