Table 1.
Vaccination strategies considered in this example analysis
| Vaccination strategy | Age group, population vaccinated (years) | Vaccine name | Maximum achievable coverage (%)a | Vaccine effectiveness (%)b | Cost of vaccination (per person)c,d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TIV 18–49 years | 18–49 | TIV | 35.0 | 62.0 | $38.35 |
| QIV 18–49 years | 18–49 | QIV | 35.0 | 64.7 | $38.67 |
| TIV 50–64 years | 50–64 | TIV | 45.0 | 62.0 | $38.35 |
| QIV 50–64 years | 50–64 | QIV | 45.0 | 64.7 | $38.67 |
| Adj TIV 50–64 years | 50–64 | Adj TIV | 45.0 | 73.7 | $68.96 |
| QIV 65 years+ | 65–99 | QIV | 65.0 | 61.5 | $38.67 |
| QIV CCD 65 years+ | 65–99 | QIV CCD | 65.0 | 61.5 | $45.67 |
| Recom QIV 65 years+ | 65–99 | Recom QIV | 65.0 | 73.7 | $58.34 |
| TIV HD 65 years+ | 65–99 | TIV high dose | 65.0 | 69.2 | $67.82 |
| Adj TIV 65 years+ | 65–99 | Adj TIV | 65.0 | 73.7 | $68.96 |
Adj adjuvant, CCD cell culture-derived, HD high–dose, Recom Recombinant, TIV trivalent influenza vaccine, QIV quadrivalent influenza vaccine, CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CPT Current Procedural Terminology, WAC wholesale acquisition cost
aBased on approximate influenza coverage rates achieved in the US over the last 10 seasons [23]
bSee Appendix Table A1 for vaccine effectiveness calculations by age and vaccine type. Vaccine effectiveness = % reduction in influenza cases. Those numbers can change significantly from year to year in absolute but also in relative value due to potential mismatch
cIncludes the cost of vaccine and vaccine administration. Cost of vaccine is based on an average vaccine price across all available vaccines by vaccine type (e.g., QIV vaccines in the USA in 2018–2019) from the CDC Vaccine Price List for Adults, private price [24]. Vaccine administration costs ($20.88) are based on CPT code 90471 [25]
dRed Book 2018, Fluad 2018–2019 formula weighted average cost (of WAC) price is used for Adj TIV [26] (“IBM Micromedex RED BOOK” 2018). Fluzone high-dose 2018–2019 formula WAC is used for TIV High dose. Afluria 2018–2019 formula WAC is used for TIV vaccines, as no TIV vaccines are listed in 2018–2019 CDC Vaccine Price List, and no other TIV vaccines had 2018–2019 formulas listed in Red Book