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. 2019 Nov 22;18(4):519–531. doi: 10.1007/s40258-019-00534-y

Table 3.

Cumulative QALY gains and required vaccination costs for each of the ten vaccination strategies at 100% coverage and over the time-horizon of 10 years

Maximum achievable QALYs gained, i.e., with the most effective vaccination strategy at 100% coverage Vaccination strategy
TIV 18–49 years QIV 18–49 years TIV 50–64 years QIV 50–64 years Adj TIV 50–64 years QIV 65 years+ QIV CCD 65 years+ Recom QIV 65 years+ TIV HD 65 years+ Adj TIV 65 years+
# vaccinees 1,371,807,436 1,371,807,436 620,921,647 620,921,647 620,921,647 580,675,667 580,675,667 580,675,667 580,675,667 580,675,667
Age groups and QALYs gained Maximum achievable QALYs by vaccination strategy at 100% coverage
 18–49 years 636,318 609,632 636,318
 50–64 years 1,212,329 1,019,832 1,064,483 1,212,329
 65–99 years 5,363,847 4,476,302 4,476,302 5,362,494 5,032,342 5,363,847
Total QALYs gained for 18–99 years 7,212,494
Relative maximum achievable QALYs vs. 18–99 years 8.45% 8.82% 14.14% 14.76% 16.81% 62.06% 62.06% 74.35% 69.77% 74.37%
Vaccination cost $52,608,815,160 $53,047,831,345 $23,812,131,251 $24,011,040,080 $42,820,030,302 $22,454,728,035 $26,516,585,100 $33,891,769,276 $39,393,300,421 $40,062,669,268
Relative QALY gain per $10 billion invested 1.61% 1.66% 5.94% 6.15% 3.93% 27.64% 23.41% 21.94% 17.71% 18.56%
Relative QALY gain per 100 million vaccinees 0.62% 0.64% 2.28% 2.38% 2.71% 10.69% 10.69% 12.80% 12.02% 12.81%

Bold numbers show the relative QALY gain per US dollar invested and per vaccinated person highest for that age group

Adj adjuvanted, CCD cell culture-derived, HD high-dose, Recom recombinant, QIV quadrivalent influenza vaccine, TIV trivalent influenza vaccine, QALY quality-adjusted life year