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. 2020 Jul 9;10:11349. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68269-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Stimulation of exocytotic ATP release delays gap closure. (a) Representative images of WT and TRPV4-KO keratinocytes treated with 10 µM NPPB before staining with calcein. White dotted lines indicate the edges of the cell-free gap at 0 h after insert removal. The scale bar represents 200 μm. (b) The effect of 10 µM NPPB on percentage of covered gap area in WT and TRPV4-KO keratinocyte cultures. Data are presented as means ± SEM (n = 6–9). **p < 0.01 compared with WT, ^‡‡p < 0.01 compared with WT control, ^§p < 0.05 compared with TRPV4-KO control; as determined by t-test.