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. 2020 Jul 9;10:11349. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68269-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Exogenous ATP inhibits esophageal keratinocyte gap closure. The effect of ATP (10–1,000 µM) on the percentage of covered gap area in WT and TRPV4-KO keratinocyte cultures is shown on the left. On the right, the effect of 2.5 U/ml apyrase (ATP hydrolase) on the inhibition of gap closure mediated by 100 µM ATP is shown. Data are presented as means ± SEM (n = 6–9). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 compared with WT, ^‡‡p < 0.01 compared with WT control, ^§p < 0.05; ^§§p < 0.05 p < 0.01 compared with TRPV4-KO control, , ^##p < 0.01 compared with WT 100 μM ATP, ^¥¥p < 0.01 compared with TRPV4-KO 100 μM ATP; as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc test.