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. 2020 Jul 9;10:11264. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68070-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Transmission spectra for the variable subtractive mixtures of (a) biliverdin and uroerythrin from N. maculosa and (c) biliverdin and bilirubin from E. elegans eggshells, respectively plotted in their modelled colours. Measured spectral reflectance of those eggshells (solid) is compared to the best predicted spectrum (dashed). All spectra are depicted from 318 to 700 nm. The colour of each spectrum is calculated from its spectrum, and the brightness of those colours was modified to approximate the reflectance of whole eggshells (solid black lines). Intermediate spectra for (b) biliverdin and uroerythrin and (d) biliverdin and bilirubin were plotted within the CIE coordinate space (small black dots) varying from entirely biliverdin (left most large dot) to entirely the novel pigment (rightmost large dot). For comparison, the reflectance values of whole eggshells are plotted (+ symbol) within each coordinate space. Insets (b) and (d): Colour swatch for our best prediction (left) compared against a close-up photograph of the surface colour (right).