Table 2.

Clinical phase I and phase II trial of DNA/RNA vaccines against COVID-19

S. no.	First submitted date/date of registration	Study phase/recruitment status	ID	Project title	Nucleic acid as vaccine agent	Participants (number, age, sex)	Intervention
1	April 27, 2020	Phase 1 Phase 2	NCT04368728	Study to describe the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity, and potential efficacy of RNA vaccine candidates against COVID-19 in healthy adults	RNA	Enrolment: 7600 Age: 18 years to 85 years Sex: All	Biological: BNT162a1 0.5 mL intramuscular injection Biological: BNT162b1 0.5 mL intramuscular injection Biological: BNT162b2 0.5 mL intramuscular injection Biological: BNT162c2 0.5 mL intramuscular injection Other: Placebo 0.5 mL Intramuscular injection
2	February 21, 2020	Phase 1	NCT04283461	Safety and immunogenicity study of 2019-nCoV vaccine (mRNA-1273) for prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)	mRNA	Enrolment: 105 Age: 18 years to 99 years Sex: All	Biological: mRNA-1273 Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) dispersion containing an mRNA that encodes for the prefusion stabilized spike protein 2019-nCoV. mRNA-1273 consists of an mRNA drug substance that is manufactured into LNPs composed of the proprietary ionizable lipid, SM-102, and 3 commercially available lipids, cholesterol, DSPC, and PEG2000 DMG
3	April 3, 2020	Phase 1	NCT04336410	Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of INO-4800 for COVID-19 in healthy volunteers	INO-4800 (DNA)	Enrolment: 40 Age: 18 years to 50 years Sex: All	Drug: INO-4800 INO-4800 will be administered ID on day 0 and week 4