Table 3.
Pre-clinical triala on DNA/RNA vaccines against Covid-19
| S. no. | Platform | Candidate vaccine | Developer | Target diseases | Current stage of clinical evaluation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | DNA | DNA | Takis Italy/Applied DNA Sciences USA/Evvivax, Czech Republic | COVID-19 | Pre-clinical |
| 2. | DNA | Plasmid DNA, needle-free delivery | Immunomic Therapeutics Inc./EpiVax, Inc./PharmaJet, Inc.USA | COVID-19 | Pre-clinical |
| 3. | DNA | DNA plasmid vaccine | Zydus Cadila, India | COVID-19 | Pre-clinical |
| 4. | DNA | DNA vaccine | BioNet Asia, Thai-French biotech company | COVID-19 | Pre-clinical |
| 5. | DNA | DNA vaccine | University of Waterloo | COVID-19 | Pre-clinical |
| 6. | RNA | LNP-encapsulated mRNA cocktail encoding VLP | Fudan University/Shanghai JiaoTong University/RNACure Biopharma, China | COVID-19 | Pre-clinical |
| 7. | RNA | LNP-encapsulated mRNA encoding RBD | Fudan University/Shanghai JiaoTong University/RNACure Biopharma, China | COVID-19 | Pre-clinical |
| 8. | RNA | Replicating defective SARS-CoV-2 derived RNAs | Centro Nacional Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Spain | COVID-19 | Pre-clinical |
| 9. | RNA | LNP-encapsulated mRNA | University of Tokyo/Daiichi-Sankyo, Japan | COVID-19 | Pre-clinical |
| 10. | RNA | Liposome-encapsulated mRNA | BIOCAD, Russia | COVID-19 | Pre-clinical |
| 11. | RNA | mRNA | China CDC/Tongji University/Stermina, China | COVID-19 | Pre-clinical |
| 12. | RNA | mRNA | Arcturus/Duke-NUS, Singapore | COVID-19 | Pre-clinical |
| 13. | RNA | mRNA | BioNTech Germany/Fosun Pharma China/Pfizer USA | COVID-19 | Pre-clinical |
| 14. | RNA | siRNA | Imperial College London, UK | COVID-19 | Pre-clinical |
| 15. | RNA | mRNA | Curevac, Germany | COVID-19 | Pre-clinical |
aData obtained from institutions/University’s website and Pharmaceutical Company’s website and https://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/novel-coronavirus-landscape-ncov.pdf