Table 3.

Prevalence of in vitro production of biogenic amines and associated genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci

	Biogenic amines												Number of strains	Method	References
	Cadaverine		Histamine		Phenyl-ethylamine		Putrescine		Tryptamine		Tyramine
	Pa	Gb	Pa	Gb	Pa	Gb	Pa	Gb	Pa	Gb	Pa	Gb
S. carnosus
	0		0		90.9		0		0		0		11	HPLC	Martin et al. (2006)
	0		0		63.2		0						39	HPLC	Muller et al. (2016)
S. equorum
	–	3.2	–	0	(116 μg/mL)c	0			(23 μg/mL)c	0			31	LC	Even et al. (2010)
	(29.6 ppm) d		(40.0 ppm) d				(22.6 ppm) d				(29.7 ppm) d		39	HPLC	Jeong et al. (2014a)
		85.7		0		14.3		0		0		0	7	Medium	Bonomo et al. (2009)
S. succinus
		100				0		0		0	0		2	Medium	Bonomo et al. (2009)
	76.2		0		32		76.2		41.3			10.5	9	HPLC	Jeong et al. (2016a)
S. xylosus
										49.0	49.0		51	HPLC	Martuscelli et al. (2000)
	1		0.5		6.7		1.5			0.5	3.6		194	HPLC	Martin et al. (2006)
		0		0		0			0			0	28	LC	Even et al. (2010)
		41.2				5.9		0	5.9			0	17	Medium	Bonomo et al. (2009)
	72.1		0		32.8		72.1			42.8	11		2	HPLC	Jeong et al. (2016a)

Blank box indicates an assay was not conducted

–Concentration below the limit of detection

^aPhenotype

^bGenotype

^cBiogenic amines produced by only 1 out of 31strains

^dConcentration of biogenic amines produced by the highest producers