Table 2. Clinical application of MSCs in patients with ESLD.

Authors	Disease	Cell therapy	Source of MSCs	Dose of injection	Way of injection	No. patients	Outcome
Peng et al. (44)	HBV-related liver failure	Autologous MSCs	Bone marrow	Unclear	Hepatic artery	53	Improvement of ALB, TBIL, PT and MELD score
Lin et al. (45)	HBV-related ACLF	Allogeneic MSCs	Bone marrow	[1–10]×106/kg	Peripheral vein	56	Improvement of TBIL and MELD score and reduction of the incidence of severe infections
Kharaziha et al. (46)	Liver cirrhosis	Autologous MSCs	Bone marrow	[30–50]×106 cells	Peripheral or the portal vein	8	Improvement of bilirubin, creatinine, INR and MELD score
El-Ansary et al. (47)	HCV-induced liver cirrhosis	Autologous MSCs	Bone marrow	1×106/kg	Peripheral vein	15	Improvement of ALB, bilirubin and MELD score
Salama et al. (48)	HCV-related ESLD	Autologous MSCs	Bone marrow	1×106/kg	Peripheral vein	20	Improvement of liver function and hepatic fibrosis
Li et al. (49)	HBV-related ACLF	Allogeneic MSCs	Umbilical cord	100×106 cells	Hepatic artery	11	Improvement of liver function, PT and MELD score
Shi et al. (50)	HBV-related ACLF	Allogeneic MSCs	Umbilical cord	0.5×106/kg	Peripheral vein	24	Improvement of the survival rates, liver function, PT and MELD score

ALB, albumin; PT, prothrombin time; INR, international normalized ratio; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; ESLD, end-stage liver disease.