FIGURE 1.

Crude biosurfactant yields (A) and bacterial cell numbers (B) after each production cycle without washing process in the 3rd production cycle. The biosurfactant yield was based on volume of production medium. The yields of extracellular/cell-bound biosurfactants were compared between production cycles. Error bars represent mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Two-way ANOVA: Tukey’s Multiple Comparison Test was used for statically analysis. Different letters represent the significant value (P < 0.05).