Table 3.
Profiles of major lethal toxins of 16 heterologous elapid venoms tested in previous study (Ratanabanangkoon et al., 2016).
| No | Elapid venoms (locality/source) | Major Lethal Toxins (numbers of proteoforms reported are shown in parentheses) | Ref. | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3FTx (%) | Phospholipase A2 (%) | Kunitz | SVMP | ||||||||||
| SNTX | LNTX | CTX | α-BTX | κ-BTX | Acidic | Basic | Neutral | β-BTX | |||||
| 1 |
Naja oxiana& (Pakistan) (Wild caught specimens) |
— | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | N.A. |
| 2 |
Naja sumatrana (Seremban, Malaysia) (Wild caught specimens) |
3.5 (2) |
12.1 (2) |
44.2 (6) |
— | — |
5.0 (3) |
— |
27.3 (1) |
— | — | ✓ | 68 |
| 3 |
Naja siamensis (Thailand) (Latoxan, France) |
~4.7 (3) |
~22.6 (2) |
33.8 (14) |
— | — |
15.3 (15) (Undifferentiated) |
— | — |
1.45 (4) |
69 | ||
| 4 |
Naja naja@ (India) (Latoxan, France) |
1.6 (3) |
2.1 (1) |
69.3 (10) |
— | — |
21.4 (1) |
— | — | — |
0.1 (1) |
0.9 (1) |
70 |
| 5 |
Naja naja@ (Sri Lanka) (Wild caught specimens) |
1.5 (3) |
4.7 (2) |
71.6 (10) |
— | — |
13.9 (1) |
— | — | — |
0.3 (1) |
0.9 (1) |
70 |
| 6 |
Naja naja (Pakistan) (Dr Naeem Qairaishi, Sindh) (Wild caught specimens) |
4.7 (2) |
21.6 (3) |
46.9 (5) |
— | — |
10.6 (3) |
1.4 (1) |
2.3 (1) |
— |
0.9 (1) |
1.5 (3) |
71 |
| 7 |
Naja haje@# (Morocco) (serpentarium of Pasteur Institute of Morocco) |
✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 79 | |||
| (3) | (5) | (17) | (3) | (1) | |||||||||
| 8 |
Naja nigricollis# (Cameroon) (Latoxan, France) |
✓ | — | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | 27 |
| 9 |
Bungarus caeruleus (Pakistan) (Wild caught specimens) |
— | — | — | — |
15.6 (2) |
59.9 (5) |
— | — |
4.6 (4) |
4.4 (3) |
1.3 (1) |
72 |
| 10 |
Bungarus caeruleus (Sri Lanka) (Serpentarium, University of Colombo) |
Chromatographic profile of Sri Lankan B. caeruleus did not exhibit significant variation compared to Pakistani B. caeruleus | |||||||||||
| 11 |
Bungarus caeruleus (India) (Latoxan, France) |
Chromatographic profile of Indian B. caeruleus did not exhibit significant variation compared to Pakistani B. caeruleus | |||||||||||
| 12 |
Bungarus fasciatus (Thailand) (Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute) |
1.6 (1) | — | — | — | — | 11.5 (4) | 54.2 (9) | 0.01 (1) | — | 21.3 (3) | 2.4 (3) | 80 |
| 13 |
Bungarus sindanus (Pakistan) (Wild caught specimens) |
0.5 (1) |
— | — | — |
6.2 (3) |
16.8 (7) |
— | — |
15.8 (7) |
13.3 (3) |
0.5 (3) |
73 |
| 14 |
Ophiophagus hannah (Seremban, Malaysia) (Wild caught specimens) |
7.5 (2) |
26.7 (6) |
0.5 (1) |
— | — |
4.0 (1) |
— | — | — |
1.0 (1) |
24.4 (12) |
32 |
| 15 |
Naja melanoleuca@ (Uganda) (Latoxan, France) |
7.3 (1) |
~13.4 (4) |
25.2 (2) |
— | — |
~4.3 (3) |
~1.4 (1) |
~7.3 (1) |
— |
3.8 (1) |
~9.2 (8) |
74 |
| 16 |
Naja nubiae@ (North Africa) (Latoxan, France) |
12.6 (2) |
— |
58.3 (10) |
— | — |
26.4 (1) |
(1) | — | — | — |
2.6 (1) |
27 |
Abbreviations: 3FTx: three-finger toxins; SNTX: short (Type I) neurotoxin; LNTX: long (Type II) neurotoxin; CTX: cytotoxin/cardiotoxin; α-BTX: alpha-bungarotoxin; κ-BTX: kappa-bungarotoxin; β-BTX: beta-bungarotoxin; KSPI: Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor; SVMP: snake venom metalloproteinase; N.A.: Not available.
&Proteomic data is not available.
#Quantitative data is not available.
@Venom source different from the species tested in the previous study11.