Table 4.
Toxin profiles of 12 elapid venoms used as immunogens for production of horse pan-specific antisera11.
| No | Elapid venoms (locality/source) | Potential Lethal Toxins (numbers of proteoforms detected are shown in brackets) | Ref. | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3FTx (%) | Phospholipase A2 (%) | Kunitz | SVMP | ||||||||||
| SNTX | LNTX | CTX | α-BTX | κ-BTX | Acidic | Basic | Neutral | β-BTX | |||||
| Naja | |||||||||||||
| 1 |
Naja kaouthia (Thailand) (QSMI, Thailand) |
7.7 (2) |
33.3 (1) |
27.6 (6) |
— | — |
12.2 (2) |
— | — | — | — |
2.5 (3) |
44 |
| 2 |
Naja kaouthia (Malaysia) (Wild caught specimens) |
4.2 (3) |
3.9 (1) |
45.7 (6) |
— | — |
23.5 (4) |
— | — | — |
0.5 (1) |
3.3 (4) |
44 |
| 3 |
Naja kaouthia (Vietnam) (Dr. Trinh Xuan Kiem) (Wild caught specimens) |
9.2 (3) | — |
44.9 (6) |
— | — |
17.4 (2) |
— | — | — |
<0.1 (1) |
1.6 (3) |
44 |
| 4 |
Naja philippinensis (The Philippines) (Latoxan, France) |
44.6(4) | — |
21.3 (8 |
— | — |
18.7 (4) |
0.5 (1) |
3.7 (1) |
— | — |
3.9 (4) |
75 |
| 5 |
Naja sputatrix (Indonesia) (Latoxan, France) |
7.9 (5) |
0.5 (3) |
48.1 (11) |
— | — |
23.1 (6) |
5.9 (1) |
2.3 (1) |
— |
0.2 (1) |
1.3 (10) |
76 |
| 6 |
Naja atra@ (China) (Wild caught specimens) |
11.3(2) | — |
65.3 (4) |
— | — |
12.2 (2) |
— | — | — | — |
1.5 (2) |
31 |
| 7 | Naja atra@ (Western Taiwan) (Wild caught specimens) |
23.5 (Undifferentiated) |
52.9 (6) |
— | — |
16.8 (1) |
— | — | — |
1.7 (2) |
77 | ||
| (2) | (1) | ||||||||||||
| Bungarus | |||||||||||||
| 8 |
Bungarus multicinctus@ (China) (Wild caught specimens) |
— | — | — |
6.% (1) |
2.4 (3) |
3.3 (1) |
— |
58.4 (4) |
0.5 (2) |
0.1 (2) |
31 | |
| 9 |
Bungarus multicinctus# @ (Taiwan) (Wild caught specimens) |
✓ (1) |
✓ (7) |
— | — | — |
✓ (4) (Undifferentiated) |
— |
✓ (1) |
78 | |||
| 10 |
Bungarus candidus& (Northeast Thailand) (QSMI, Thailand) |
— | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | N.A. |
| 11 |
Bungarus candidus# (Southern Thailand) (QSMI, Thailand) |
✓ (1) |
✓ (3) |
✓ (2) |
✓ (6) |
✓ (2) |
✓ (3) |
✓ (4) |
— | — |
✓ (3) |
✓ (2) |
30 |
| 12 |
Bungarus candidus# (Indonesia) (Biopharma, Bandung), (Wild caught specimens) |
— |
✓ (1) |
✓ (1) |
— |
✓ (2) |
— |
✓ (2) |
— | — |
✓ (3) |
— | 30 |
Abbreviations: 3FTx: three-finger toxins; SNTX: short neurotoxin; LNTX: long neurotoxin; CTX: cytotoxin/cardiotoxin; α-BTX: alpha-bungarotoxin; κ-BTX: kappa-bungarotoxin; β-BTX: beta-bungarotoxin; KSPI: Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor; SVMP: snake venom metalloproteinase; N.A.: Not available.
&Proteomic data is not available.
#Quantitative data is not available.
@Venom source different from the species tested in the previous study11.