Table 1.

The function and mechanisms of ferroptosis in various liver injury.

Disease	Ref.	Model	Compound/target	Effect	Mechanism/phenotype
Acute liver failure	16	LPS/GalN-induced mice L02 cells	Glycyrrhizin	Inhibition of ferroptosis	NRF2, HO-1, and GPx4↑ HMGB1↓
	58	LPS/GalN-induced mice	Promethazine	Inhibition of ferroptosis	NA
Acute liver injury	60	PHZ-induced mice/Ad-Sesn2 infected mice HepG2 cells	Sestrin2	Inhibition of ferroptosis	NRF2, TFR1, ferroportin↑
Alcoholic liver disease	15	SIRT1iKO mice	Intestinal sirtuin1 (deficiency)	Inhibition of ferroptosis	Pro-inflammatory molecules LCN2, SAA1↓ Redox active iron–sulfur CISD1/2↓
	65	Lpin1-Tg mice	Adipose-specific lipin-1 (overexpression)	Induction of ferroptosis	Adiponectin-sirtuin1, adiponectin-FGF15 axis↓ NF-κB↑
NAFLD	74	CDE diet/MLKL−/− mice	Trolox/DFO	Inhibition of ferroptosis	TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6↓
Immune-mediated hepatitis	14	ConA-induced/Cav-1−/−mice	Caveolin-1	Inhibition of ferroptosis	RNS, iNOS↓
	83	ConA-induced/IDO1−/−mice	IDO1 (deficiency)	Inhibition of ferroptosis	xCT↑ RNS↓
Ischemia/reperfusion injury	100	I/R mice	Liproxstatin-1	Inhibition of ferroptosis	MPO↓
	104	HID-fed I/R mice	Ferrostatin-1/DFO/α-Tocopherol	Inhibition of ferroptosis	PTGS2↓ Inflammatory cytokines, Ly6G/Mac2↓

LPS lipopolysaccharide, GalN d-galactosamine, NRF2 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, HO-1 heme oxygenase-1, GPx4 glutathione peroxidase 4, HMGB1 high mobility group protein B1, TFR1 transferrin receptor 1, LCN2 lipocalin 2, SAA1 serum amyloid A1, CISD CDGSH iron sulfur domain, NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, CDE choline-deficient ethionine-supplemented, MLKL mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein, DFO deferoxamine, ConA concanavalin A, Cav-1 caveolin-1, RNS reactive nitrogen species, iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase, IDO1 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, MPO myeloperoxidase, HID high iron diet, PTGS2 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, NA not applicable.