Photo 1.

The European Stag Beetle Lucanus cervus. Top: Sexual dimorphism; left to right – male imago, body size 46 mm, and female imago, body size 37 mm. Bottom: dissection of a teneral imago, body size 36 mm, showing the fat body (white), and part of the alimentary canal. The midgut, 45 mm, has food remnants from the larval stage, the hind gut, ∼24 mm, is clear. The hind gut is relatively short, a characteristic of sap feeders. In the adult, food intake, if any, is restricted to sap runs; but it can be tempted to sugary liquids. Photos© Maria Fremlin.