Table 2.
Outcomes in overall and matched cohorts and propensity score matching analysis results.
| Unmatched cohort | Matched cohort | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEV | FPHT | LEV | FPHT | Odds ratios or β | ||
| Outcomes | (n = 1,403) | (n = 4,264) | (n = 1,363) | (n = 1,363) | Coefficient (95% CI) | P-value |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 71 (5.1) | 196 (4.6) | 71 (5.2) | 69 (5.1) | 1.03 (0.73, 1.46) | 0.87 |
| Death within 24 h | 1 (0.1) | 16 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) | 5 (0.4) | 0.20 (0.02, 1.71) | 0.14 |
| Length of hospital stay, days, mean (SD) | 22 (26) | 23 (31) | 22 (26) | 24 (33) | −1.72 (−4.13, 0.69) | 0.16 |
| Total hospitalization cost, USD, mean (SD) | 9,615 (10,596) | 9,691 (11,907) | 9,516 (10,523) | 9,835 (11,950) | −358 (−1,286, 569) | 0.45 |
| Japan Coma Scale at discharge, n (%) | ||||||
| Alert | 773 (55) | 2,421 (57) | 754 (55) | 734 (54) | 1.06 (0.91, 1.23) | 0.43 |
| Confusion | 498 (36) | 1,432 (34) | 480 (35) | 499 (37) | 0.94 (0.80, 1.12) | 0.51 |
| Somnolence | 44 (3.1) | 147 (3.4) | 43 (3.2) | 46 (3.4) | 0.98 (0.64, 1.50) | 0.91 |
| Coma | 17 (1.2) | 68 (1.6) | 15 (1.1) | 15 (1.1) | 0.96 (0.47, 1.95) | 0.90 |
| Mechanical ventilation on the day of admission | 184 (13) | 600 (14) | 174 (13) | 187 (14) | 0.89 (0.70, 1.14) | 0.35 |
| Vasopressor use on the day of admission | 46 (3.3) | 183 (4.3) | 43 (3.2) | 67 (4.9) | 0.63 (0.43, 0.92) | 0.017 |
The outcomes in unmatched and matched cohort are shown. There is no significant difference in mortality, length of hospital stay, hospitalization cost, consciousness disturbance at discharge and mechanical ventilation between levetiracetam and fosphenytoin group. However, vasopressor use on the day of admission was significantly lower in levetiracetam group than in fosphenytoin group. SD, standard deviation; LEV, levetiracetum; FPHT, fosphenytoin; CI, confidence interval; USD, United States dollars.