Figure 1.

Schematic of PK-PD modeling in the drug delivery system development. In the development of the drug delivery system, PK-PD modeling could guide the formulation design and dosing regimen selection based on the preclinical and clinical data. This technique connects the drug dose to the physiological response, related to the properties of the drug delivery system and physiological system. A chain of events illustrates the flow from the administration, drug exposure (plasma and target site), receptor binding and activation, transduction to effect, and the effect on physiological response.