Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the participants by health states during the study period for the three prefectures combined, as of March 30, 2020.
| Total, n = 206,218 | |||||
| No symptom (n = 199,891, 96.93%) |
(a) Fever ≥37.5°C (n = 2,821, 1.37%) |
(b) Strong feeling of weariness or shortness of breath (n = 4,916, 2.38%) |
Both (a) and (b) (n = 1,410, 0.68%) |
Either (a) or (b) (n = 6,327, 3.07%) |
|
| Age, years | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 44.36 (13.18) | 37.67 (14.49) | 38.17 (12.62) | 37.44 (13.96) | 38.11 (13.19) |
| Range (Min–Max) | 13–101 | 13–93 | 13–93 | 13–93 | 13–93 |
| 13–19 | 6,956 (3.48, 94.96) | 220 (7.80, 3.00) | 239 (4.86, 3.26) | 90 (6.38, 1.23) | 369 (5.83, 5.04) |
| 20–29 | 19,092 (9.55, 93.48) | 642 (22.76, 3.14) | 1,032 (20.99, 5.05) | 343 (24.33, 1.68) | 1,331 (21.04, 6.52) |
| 30–39 | 42,844 (21.43, 95.78) | 821 (29.10, 1.84) | 1,485 (30.21, 3.32) | 416 (29.50, 0.93) | 1,890 (29.87, 4.22) |
| 40–49 | 61,119 (30.58, 97.49) | 605 (21.45, 0.97) | 1,279 (26.02, 2.04) | 311 (22.06, 0.50) | 1,573 (24.86, 2.51) |
| 50–59 | 45,246 (22.64, 98.29) | 298 (10.56, 0.65) | 632 (12.86, 1.37) | 145 (10.28, 0.32) | 785 (12.41, 1.71) |
| 60–69 | 18,355 (9.18, 98.80) | 120 (4.25, 0.65) | 152 (3.09, 0.82) | 50 (3.55, 0.27) | 222 (3.51, 1.20) |
| 70–79 | 5,654 (2.83, 97.85) | 96 (3.40, 1.66) | 77 (1.57, 1.33) | 49 (3.48, 0.85) | 124 (1.96, 2.15) |
| 80–89 | 604 (0.30, 95.12) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| ≥90 | 21 (0.01, 91.30) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 137,286 (68.68, 97.18) | 1,648 (58.42, 1.17) | 3,117 (63.41, 2.21) | 788 (55.89, 0.56) | 3,977 (62.86, 2.82) |
| Male | 62,297 (31.17, 96.41) | NA | 1,776 (36.13, 2.75) | NA | 2,323 (36.72, 3.59) |
| Other | 308 (0.15, 91.94) | NA | 23 (0.47, 6.87) | NA | 27 (0.43, 8.06) |
| Pregnant | 2,644 (1.32, 96.81) | 27 (0.96, 0.99) | 78 (1.59, 2.86) | 18 (1.28, 0.66) | 87 (1.38, 3.19) |
| Occupation | |||||
| Self-employed | 15,329 (7.67, 97.16) | 205 (7.27, 1.30) | 355 (7.22, 2.25) | 112 (7.94, 0.71) | 448 (7.08, 2.84) |
| Employees | 76,616 (38.33, 96.55) | 1,213 (43.00, 1.53) | 2,132 (43.37, 2.69) | 610 (43.26, 0.77) | 2,735 (43.23, 3.45) |
| Public officials | 10,227 (5.12, 96.92) | 157 (5.57, 1.49) | 259 (5.27, 2.45) | 91 (6.45, 0.86) | 325 (5.14, 3.08) |
| Student | 10,633 (5.32, 95.00) | 309 (10.95, 2.76) | 381 (7.75, 3.40) | 130 (9.22, 1.16) | 560 (8.85, 5.00) |
| Part-time workers | 39,235 (19.63, 97.85) | 345 (12.23, 0.86) | 680 (13.83, 1.70) | 163 (11.56, 0.41) | 862 (13.62, 2.15) |
| Unemployed | 33,286 (16.65, 97.37) | 374 (13.26, 1.09) | 704 (14.32, 2.06) | 179 (12.70, 0.52) | 899 (14.21, 2.63) |
| Others | 14,565 (7.29, 96.69) | 218 (7.73, 1.45) | 405 (8.24, 2.69) | 125 (8.87, 0.83) | 498 (7.87, 3.31) |
| Taking antifebrile medications (Loxonin, Caronal, etc) | |||||
| Current | 4,852 (2.43, 77.53) | 847 (30.02, 13.53) | 1,033 (21.01, 16.51) | 474 (33.62, 7.57) | 1,406 (22.22, 22.47) |
| Past one month | 11,213 (5.61, 92.74) | 323 (11.45, 2.67) | 743 (15.11, 6.15) | 188 (13.33, 1.55) | 878 (13.88, 7.26) |
| Diseases currently undergoing treatment (multiple answers) | |||||
| Malignant tumor with anticancer drugs | 1,100 (0.55, 95.16) | 33 (1.17, 2.85) | 43 (0.87, 3.72) | 20 (1.42, 1.73) | 56 (0.89, 4.84) |
| Malignant tumor without anticancer drugs | 2,197 (1.10, 97.26) | 26 (0.92, 1.15) | 49 (1.00, 2.17) | 13 (0.92, 0.58) | 62 (0.98, 2.74) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 4,112 (2.06, 95.92) | 67 (2.38, 1.56) | 150 (3.05, 3.50) | 42 (2.98, 0.98) | 175 (2.77, 4.08) |
| Kidney diseases | 1,553 (0.78, 94.29) | 37 (1.31, 2.25) | 85 (1.73, 5.16) | 28 (1.99, 1.70) | 94 (1.49, 5.71) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7,152 (3.58, 96.25) | 141 (5.00, 1.90) | 222 (4.52, 2.99) | 84 (5.96, 1.13) | 279 (4.41, 3.75) |
| In dialysis treatment | 202 (0.10, 95.28) | 6 (0.21, 2.83) | 10 (0.20, 4.72) | 6 (0.43, 2.83) | 10 (0.16, 4.72) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 580 (0.29, 92.06) | 18 (0.64, 2.86) | 46 (0.94, 7.30) | 14 (0.99, 2.22) | 50 (0.79, 7.94) |
| Treatment with immunosuppressant | 2,191 (1.10, 95.26) | 52 (1.84, 2.26) | 85 (1.73, 3.70) | 28 (1.99, 1.22) | 109 (1.72, 4.74) |
| Preventive measures (multiple answers) | |||||
| Washing hands in running water | 115,017 (57.54, 96.88) | 1,601 (56.75, 1.35) | 2,882 (58.62, 2.43) | 779 (55.25, 0.66) | 3,704 (58.54, 3.12) |
| Washing hands with soap and water | 179,379 (89.74, 97.11) | 2,344 (83.09, 1.27) | 4,146 (84.34, 2.24) | 1,153 (81.77, 0.62) | 5,337 (84.35, 2.89) |
| Hand disinfection with alcohol | 132,812 (66.44, 97.20) | 1,656 (58.70, 1.21) | 2,969 (60.39, 2.17) | 793 (56.24, 0.58) | 3,832 (60.57, 2.80) |
| Etiquette (masks, handkerchiefs, etc) in case of coughing or sneezing |
180,638 (90.37, 97.06) | 2,378 (84.30, 1.28) | 4,265 (86.76, 2.29) | 1,169 (82.91, 0.63) | 5,474 (86.52, 2.94) |
| Take time off from school or work when you have a fever or other symptoms |
87,909 (43.98, 96.84) | 1,480 (52.46, 1.63) | 2,106 (42.84, 2.32) | 715 (50.71, 0.79) | 2,871 (45.38, 3.16) |
| Gargling with water | 114,613 (57.34, 97.25) | 1,406 (49.84, 1.19) | 2,489 (50.63, 2.11) | 651 (46.17, 0.55) | 3,244 (51.27, 2.75) |
| Gargling with Isozine | 28,792 (14.40, 96.97) | 364 (12.90, 1.23) | 709 (14.42, 2.39) | 174 (12.34, 0.59) | 899 (14.21, 3.03) |
| Regular ventilation | 99,838 (49.95, 97.48) | 1,102 (39.06, 1.08) | 2,033 (41.35, 1.98) | 549 (38.94, 0.54) | 2,586 (40.87, 2.52) |
| Maintaining humidity | 61,086 (30.56, 97.60) | 647 (22.94, 1.03) | 1,164 (23.68, 1.86) | 310 (21.99, 0.50) | 1,501 (23.72, 2.40) |
| A well-balanced diet | 99,222 (49.64, 97.98) | 873 (30.95, 0.86) | 1,569 (31.92, 1.55) | 396 (28.09, 0.39) | 2,046 (32.34, 2.02) |
| Regular exercise | 52,757 (26.39, 98.26) | 420 (14.89, 0.78) | 704 (14.32, 1.31) | 188 (13.33, 0.35) | 936 (14.79, 1.74) |
| Getting plenty of rest | 101,439 (50.75, 97.81) | 994 (35.24, 0.96) | 1,750 (35.60, 1.69) | 471 (33.40, 0.45) | 2,273 (35.93, 2.19) |
| Telework | 14,572 (7.29, 96.98) | 169 (5.99, 1.12) | 382 (7.77, 2.54) | 97 (6.88, 0.65) | 454 (7.18, 3.02) |
| Staggered commuting | 19,046 (9.53, 96.85) | 244 (8.65, 1.24) | 496 (10.09, 2.52) | 121 (8.58, 0.62) | 619 (9.78, 3.15) |
| Avoidance of crowds other than staggered commuting |
49,466 (24.75, 97.76) | 431 (15.28, 0.85) | 893 (18.17, 1.76) | 193 (13.69, 0.38) | 1,131 (17.88, 2.24) |
| Staying up-to-date on COVID-19 | 119,088 (59.58, 97.46) | 1,216 (43.11, 1.00) | 2,451 (49.86, 2.01) | 566 (40.14, 0.46) | 3,101 (49.01, 2.54) |
| Other preventive measures | 3,000 (1.50, 97.09) | 22 (0.78, 0.71) | 83 (1.69, 2.69) | 15 (1.06, 0.49) | 90 (1.42, 2.91) |
| No preventive measures | 716 (0.36, 90.40) | 42 (1.49, 5.30) | 64 (1.30, 8.08) | 30 (2.13, 3.79) | 76 (1.20, 9.60) |
SD, standard deviation.
*For the purpose of anonymization, all cells with less than five people are indicated as NA. In addition, when the number of persons of cells less than five can be uniquely calculated by a combination of numbers (n, %) of a plurality of cells, all the cells of the combination are set to NA (cells with fewer samples are labeled NA preferentially).