Table 3. The random effects of region development on hypertension care in China from 2011 to 2015.
| Variable (reference) | Undiagnosed | Untreated | Uncontrolled | ||||||
| AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | ||||
| Regiona (Class 1) | |||||||||
| Class 2 | 6.975*** | 3.266 | 14.895 | 2.384*** | 1.608 | 3.535 | 2.228*** | 1.700 | 2.920 |
| Class 3 | 6.651*** | 2.838 | 15.585 | 2.542*** | 1.652 | 3.911 | 2.651*** | 1.962 | 3.582 |
| Class 4 | 3.917*** | 1.951 | 7.866 | 2.072*** | 1.436 | 2.988 | 1.812*** | 1.414 | 2.320 |
| Class 5 | 8.489*** | 3.630 | 19.854 | 2.799*** | 1.827 | 4.290 | 2.559*** | 1.899 | 3.450 |
| Residence place (ref: urban) | |||||||||
| Rural | 1.030 | 0.541 | 1.960 | 1.354 | 0.972 | 1.885 | 1.068 | 0.840 | 1.359 |
| Rural-to-urban | 1.684 | 0.813 | 3.491 | 2.115*** | 1.448 | 3.088 | 1.494** | 1.133 | 1.970 |
| Age (ref: 45–60 years) | |||||||||
| 60–70 | 0.247*** | 0.165 | 0.371 | 0.467*** | 0.376 | 0.580 | 0.868 | 0.740 | 1.017 |
| 70–80 | 0.198*** | 0.114 | 0.345 | 0.456*** | 0.341 | 0.610 | 1.272* | 1.024 | 1.580 |
| ≥80 | 0.106*** | 0.041 | 0.275 | 0.487** | 0.296 | 0.804 | 1.420 | 0.948 | 2.125 |
| Gender (ref: male) | 0.390*** | 0.249 | 0.612 | 0.567*** | 0.454 | 0.707 | 0.777** | 0.664 | 0.908 |
| BMI | 0.666*** | 0.631 | 0.704 | 0.818*** | 0.796 | 0.841 | 0.951*** | 0.934 | 0.967 |
| Martial status (ref: married) | 1.361 | 0.786 | 2.357 | 1.183 | 0.893 | 1.569 | 1.237 | 0.998 | 1.534 |
| Education (ref: illiterate) | |||||||||
| Primary school | 0.819 | 0.481 | 1.395 | 0.903 | 0.696 | 1.170 | 0.752** | 0.623 | 0.908 |
| Middle school & above | 0.517** | 0.276 | 0.969 | 0.785 | 0.574 | 1.073 | 0.731** | 0.584 | 0.915 |
| Comorbidity (no) | 0.040*** | 0.025 | 0.064 | 0.234*** | 0.188 | 0.293 | 0.437*** | 0.370 | 0.515 |
| PCE, (ref: <10,000 RMB) | 0.357*** | 0.261 | 0.490 | 0.573*** | 0.476 | 0.689 | 0.717*** | 0.622 | 0.827 |
| Health insuranceb (ref: none) | |||||||||
| UEBMI | 0.321** | 0.139 | 0.737 | 0.713 | 0.444 | 1.144 | 0.611* | 0.420 | 0.890 |
| URBMI | 0.212** | 0.087 | 0.517 | 0.635 | 0.383 | 1.055 | 0.619* | 0.413 | 0.928 |
| NCMS | 0.471* | 0.255 | 0.869 | 0.647* | 0.451 | 0.928 | 0.673* | 0.494 | 0.918 |
| Others | 0.705 | 0.239 | 2.084 | 0.738 | 0.388 | 1.405 | 0.696 | 0.416 | 1.165 |
AOR, adjusted odds ratio; BMI, body mass index; PCE, per capita household annual consumption expenditure; UEBMI, Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance; URBMI, Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance; NCMS, New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme.
***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05 significance test.
aClass 1 is the richest region and Class 5 the poorest region.
bOthers Government health care, private medical insurance and so on.