Table 1.
Overview of factors associated with depressive symptoms among urban refugee and displaced youth in Kampala, Uganda (N = 445)
| Adolescent Boys & Young Men (n = 112) | Adolescent Girls & Young Women (n = 333) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicators | No depression symptoms (n = 57; 50.9%) N (%)/ Mean (SD) |
Mild to moderate depression symptoms (n = 51; 45.5%) N (%)/ Mean (SD) |
Severe depressive symptoms (n = 4; 3.6%) N (%)/ Mean (SD, range) |
P value | No depression symptoms (n = 87; 26.1%) N (%)/ Mean (SD) |
Mild to moderate depression symptoms (n = 201; 60.4%) N (%)/ Mean (SD) |
Severe depressive symptoms (n = 45; 13.5%) N (%)/ Mean (SD) |
P value |
| Age | 20.12 (2.31) | 20.67 (2.66) | 22.25 (2.87) | .187 | 18.67 (2.33) | 19.62 (2.58) | 19.16 | .014 |
| Education | .414 | .526 | ||||||
| > secondary school | 19 (33.3) | 23 (45.1) | 2 (50.0) | 50 (57.5) | 111 (55.2) | 29 (64.4) | ||
| Secondary school | 38 (66.7) | 28 (54.9) | 2 (50.0) | 37 (42.5) | 90 (44.8) | 16 (35.6) | ||
| Time in Uganda | .773 | .068 | ||||||
| < 1 year | 7 (12.3) | 4 (7.8) | 1 (25.0) | 10 (11.5) | 10 (5.0) | 3 (6.7) | ||
| 1–5 years | 39 (68.4) | 38 (74.5) | 2 (50.0) | 46 (52.9) | 121 (60.2) | 19 (42.2) | ||
| > 5 years | 11 (19.3) | 9 (17.6) | 1 (25.0) | 31 (35.6) | 70 (34.8) | 23 (51.1) | ||
| Employment | .425 | .062 | ||||||
| Unemployed | 20 (40.0) | 22 (53.7) | 2 (50.0) | 28 (32.2) | 80 (39.8) | 24 (53.3) | ||
| Employed/Student | 30 (60.0) | 19 (46.3) | 2 (50.0) | 59 (67.8) | 121 (60.2) | 21 (46.7) | ||
| Lifetime sexual violence | .858 | .000 | ||||||
| No | 54 (94.7) | 49 (96.1) | 4 (100.0) | 84 (96.9) | 180 (89.6) | 28 (62.2) | ||
| Yes | 3 (5.3) | 2 (3.9) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (3.4) | 21 (10.4) | 17 (37.8) | ||
| Lifetime verbal abuse | .140 | .019 | ||||||
| No | 29 (50.6) | 35 (68.6) | 3 (75.0) | 58 (66.7) | 98 (48.8) | 25 (55.6) | ||
| Yes | 28 (49.1) | 16 (31.4) | 1 (25.0) | 29 (33.3) | 103 (51.2) | 20 (44.4) | ||
| Lifetime physical violence | .951 | .000 | ||||||
| No | 40 (70.2) | 37 (72.5) | 3 (75.0) | 80 (92.0) | 177 (88.1) | 26 (57.8) | ||
| Yes | 17 (29.8) | 14 (27.5) | 1 (25.0) | 7 (8.0) | 24 (11.9) | 19 (42.2) | ||
| Childhood sexual abuse | .044 | .880 | ||||||
| No | 57 (100.0) | 46 (90.2) | 4 (100.0) | 73 (83.9) | 173 (86.1) | 38 (84.4) | ||
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 5 (9.8) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (16.1) | 28 (13.9) | 7 (15.6) | ||
| Childhood physical abuse | .275 | .728 | ||||||
| No | 34 (59.6) | 25 (49.0) | 1 (25.0) | 39 (44.8) | 99 (49.3) | 23 (51.1) | ||
| Yes | 23 (40.4) | 26 (51.0) | 3 (75.0) | 48 (55.2) | 102 (50.7) | 22 (48.9) | ||
| Childhood verbal abuse | .853 | .044 | ||||||
| No | 35 (61.4) | 31 (60.8) | 3 (75.0) | 36 (41.4) | 89 (42.8) | 28 (62.2) | ||
| Yes | 22 (38.6) | 20 (39.2) | 1 (25.0) | 51 (58.6) | 115 (57.2) | 17 (37.8) | ||
| Food insecurity | .037 | .208 | ||||||
| No | 21 (36.8) | 9 (17.6) | 0 (0.0) | 31 (35.6) | 51 (25.4) | 13 (28.9) | ||
| Yes | 36 (63.2) | 42 (82.4) | 4 (100) | 56 (64.4) | 150 (74.6) | 32 (71.1) | ||
| Community insecurity | .903 | .003 | ||||||
| No | 47 (82.5) | 40 (80.0) | 3 (75.0) | 63 (72.4) | 106 (52.7) | 21 (46.7) | ||
| Yes | 10 (17.5) | 10 (20.0) | 1 (25.0) | 24 (27.6) | 95 (47.3) | 24 (53.3) | ||
| Social Support | ||||||||
| Friends | 11.35 (1.72) | 10.84 (1.49) | 11.25 (1.50) | .263 | 11.18 (1.66) | 10.78 (1.99) | 9.36 (3.02) | .000 |
| Significant Other | 11.80 (1.38) | 11.09 (2.07) | 9.25 (3.40) | .008 | 11.09 (1.89) | 10.96 (2.70) | 9.13 (3.58) | .017 |
| Family | 12.17 (1.63) | 10.94 (1.88) | 9.25 (2.22) | .000 | 11.62 (1.52) | 11.58 (2.64) | 10.40 (3.74) | .000 |
*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001