Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of the Patients With Febrile Illness Enrolled in the Study According to Laboratory Diagnosis of Acute Arboviral Infection—Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, September 2014–July 2016a
| Infection | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | DENV (n = 32) |
CHIKV (n = 159) |
ZIKV (n = 13) |
FLAV (n = 20) |
DENV/CHIKV (n = 13) |
CHIKV/FLAV (n = 9) |
Negative (n = 568) |
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age,b median (IQR) | 30 (15–38) | 32 (20–43) | 20 (15–38) | 35 (24–42) | 34 (19–34) | 47 (37–51) | 26 (15–37) |
| Female sex | 15 (46.9) | 78 (49.1) | 7 (53.8) | 11 (55.0) | 10 (76.9) | 3 (33.3) | 266 (47.1) |
| Clinical manifestations | |||||||
| Days of fever,b median (IQR) | 4 (3–4) | 1 (1–3) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (1.5–5) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–4) |
| Headache | 29 (93.5) | 148 (93.1) | 12 (92.3) | 20 (100.0) | 12 (92.3) | 8 (88.9) | 504 (89.2) |
| Myalgiab | 25 (80.6) | 150 (94.3) | 11 (84.6) | 17 (85.0) | 11 (84.6) | 9 (100.0) | 452 (80.4) |
| Retro-orbital pain | 20 (64.5) | 116 (73.4) | 9 (69.2) | 15 (75.0) | 7 (53.8) | 5 (55.6) | 348 (62.2) |
| Arthralgiab | 19 (59.4) | 151 (94.9) | 7 (53.8) | 15 (75.0) | 11 (84.6) | 9 (100.0) | 354 (62.3) |
| Swollen jointsb | 10 (31.2) | 63 (39.6) | 4 (30.7) | 8 (40.0) | 7 (53.8) | 4 (44.4) | 100 (17.6) |
| Vomit | 8 (25.0) | 36 (22.8) | 1 (7.7) | 5 (25.0) | 6 (46.1) | 0 | 567 (29.8) |
| Rashb | 12 (37.5) | 36 (22.9) | 9 (69.2) | 11 (55.0) | 7 (53.8) | 1 (11.1) | 186 (32.9) |
| Pruritusb | 10 (31.2) | 23 (14.7) | 9 (69.2) | 10 (50.0) | 7 (53.8) | 0 | 196 (34.5) |
| Presumptive diagnosis recorded on the medical recordc | |||||||
| DENVb | 3 (9.4) | 49 (30.8) | 1 (7.7) | 2 (10.0) | 3 (23.1) | 2 (22.2) | 60 (10.7) |
| ZIKAb | 6 (18.7) | 11 (6.9) | 3 (23.1) | 3 (15.0) | 2 (15.4) | 1 (11.1) | 34 (6.1) |
| CHIKVb | 0 | 17 (10.7) | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 (1.4) |
| UVI | 3 (9.4) | 41 (25.8) | 1 (7.7) | 4 (20.0) | 1 (7.7) | 2 (22.2) | 87 (15.6) |
| URIb,d | 2 (6.2) | 3 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 (8.1) |
| Gastroenteritis | 1 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 (2.3) |
| Cystitis | 1 (3.1) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.0) | 0 | 0 | 5 (0.9) |
| Othere | 3 (9.3) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (7.7) | 1 (5.0) | 0 | 0 | 24 (4.3) |
| None | 14 (43.7) | 61 (38.6) | 7 (53.8) | 11 (55.0) | 8 (61.5) | 4 (44.4) | 309 (55.4) |
Data are presented as no. (%) unless otherwise indicated. Of the 948 study patients, data were not shown for 1 patient with an acute DENV/ZIKV coinfection and for 133 patients with laboratory evidence of recent arboviral infection.
Abbreviations: CHIKV, chikungunya virus; DENV, dengue virus; FLAV, flavivirus; IQR, interquartile range; URI, upper respiratory infection; UVI, unspecific viral infection; ZIKV, Zika virus.
aData were not available for some variables: sex, headache, and rash (4 patients each), myalgia (7 patient), retro-orbital pain (11 patients), vomit (2 patients), medical suspicions recorded in the medical record (14 patients).
bDifferences between groups were statistically significant (P < .05).
cSum may be >100% because some patients had >1 clinical impression recorded in the medical record.
dUpper respiratory infection included pharyngitis, sinusitis, and influenza.
eOther medical suspicions were leptospirosis, pneumonia, skin infection, rotavirus, viral myositis, appendicitis, human immunodeficiency virus, and mumps.