Table 2.
Pathogen Detection by Symptom Complex at Index Presentation and at the Completion of 14-Day Follow-up
| Pathogen | Total Casesa | Symptom Complex Index Presentation n (%) |
Symptom Complex 14-Day Follow-up n (%) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isolated Diarrhea | Diarrhea + Vomiting | Isolated Vomiting | Isolated Diarrhea | Diarrhea + Vomiting | Isolated Vomiting | ||
| Bacteria | 144 | 59 (41.0) | 49 (34.0) | 36 (25.0) | 55 (38.2) | 64 (44.4) | 25 (17.4) |
| Salmonella spp. | 54 | 32 (59) | 12 (22) | 10 (19) | 29 (54) | 18 (33) | 7 (13) |
| Aeromonas spp. | 26 | 5 (19) | 11 (42) | 10 (38) | 4 (15) | 14 (54) | 8 (31) |
| Campylobacter spp. | 18 | 8 (44) | 8 (44) | 2 (11) | 8 (44) | 9 (50) | 1 (6) |
| STEC, non-O157 | 17 | 4 (24) | 8 (47) | 5 (29) | 4 (24) | 9 (53) | 4 (24) |
| Escherichia coli O157 | 10 | 4 (40) | 3 (30) | 3 (30)b | 4 (40) | 5 (50) | 1 (10) |
| Shigella spp. | 8 | 3 (38) | 4 (50) | 1 (13) | 3 (38) | 4 (50) | 1 (13) |
| ETEC | 6 | 2 (33) | 2 (33) | 2 (33) | 2 (33) | 4 (67) | 0 (0) |
| Yersinia spp. | 5 | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 3 (60) | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 3 (60) |
| Vibrio spp. | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Clostridioides difficile c | 46 | 4 (9) | 11 (24) | 31 (67) | 4 (9) | 20 (43) | 22 (48) |
| Virus(es) | 1520 | 212 (13.9) | 585 (38.5) | 723 (47.6) | 188 (12.4) | 893 (58.8) | 439 (28.9) |
| Parasite(s) | 11 | 1 (9) | 5 (45) | 5 (45) | 0 (0) | 7 (64) | 4 (36) |
| No pathogen detected | 769 | 153 (19.9) | 135 (17.6) | 481 (62.5) | 147 (19.1) | 234 (30.4) | 388 (50.5) |
Symptom complex refers to the combination of ≥3 diarrhea episodes or ≥3 vomiting episodes in a 24-hour period, necessary to meet the definition of acute gastroenteritis. Percentiles for pathogen categories with >100 cases were rounded to the first decimal place, and others were rounded to the nearest whole number.
Abbreviations: ETEC, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; spp, species; STEC, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli.
aTotal does not equal the 2391 sample size because of coinfections, including viral coinfections among 54 children with a bacterial enteropathogen. No children were infected with >1 bacterial enteropathogen. See Supplementary Table S2 for additional information on coinfection.
bAll E. coli O157 cases who presented with vomiting but did not meet the definition of diarrhea were PCR-positive for E. coli O157, PCR-negative for Shiga toxin genes, and culture-negative. There was 1 case with diarrhea but no vomiting that also had this combination of laboratory results.
cIncludes only cases ≥2 years old.