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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 10.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2014 Sep 18;84(1):123–136. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.08.056

Figure 3. GINIP−/− Mice Exhibit Prolonged Mechanical Pain in Carrageenan and Chronic Constriction Mouse Model.

Figure 3.

(A) Nocifensive behavior of WT and GINIP−/− mice in response to 2% formalin injection in hind paw (n = 9 and n = 8, respectively). Both genotypes exhibited the same nociceptive duration during the first and second phase. Note that the second phase appears earlier in GINIP−/− compared to their WT littermates.

(B) Time course analysis of mechanical threshold of WT and GINIP−/− mice (n = 6 and n = 9, respectively) after 1% Carrageenan injection. GINIP−/− mice developed a prolonged mechanical pain in Carrageenan model compared to WT littermates (***p < 0.001).

(C) Time course presenting mechanical sensitivity following CCI of GINIP−/− mice (n = 11) and WT littermates (n = 8) using three different filaments of increasing calibers (0.07, 0.6, and 1.4 g). Baselines were determined before, and measures were performed every 5 days after CCI. WT and GINIP−/− mice developed characteristic mechanical hypersensitivity of CCI model. However, pain is prolonged in GINIP−/− mice and lasted during the whole 30-day trial. See also Figure S3.