Table 1.
Risk of Bias | Selection of Participants | Confounding Variables | Intervention Measurement | Blinding of Outcome Assessment | Incomplete Outcome Data | Selective Outcome Reporting |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jin et al. [23], 2010 | ● | △ | ● | ● | ※ | ● |
Lu [24], 2013 | ● | △ | △ | ● | ● | ● |
Feng et al. [25], 2013 | ● | △ | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Hu [26], 2015 | △ | ● | ※ | ● | △ | △ |
Yuan [27], 2018 | ● | △ | ※ | ● | ※ | ● |
Liu & Zhong [28], 2018 | ● | △ | ※ | ● | ● | △ |
Xu et al. [29], 2019 | ● | ● | △ | ● | ● | ● |
Fengyue&Junko [30], 2018 | ● | ※ | ※ | ● | ※ | ● |
Yu et al. [31], 2015 | ● | △ | ※ | ● | △ | ※ |
Fan et al. [32], 2016 | ● | △ | ※ | ● | ● | ● |
Qun [33], 2013 | △ | △ | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Li et al. [34], 2018 | ● | △ | ※ | ● | ※ | ● |
Jin, Li, et al. [35], 2018 | ※ | △ | ● | ● | ※ | ※ |
Yang et al. [36], 2016 | ● | △ | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Lu et al. [37], 2017 | ● | ● | ※ | ● | ● | ● |
Huang et al. [38], 2012 | ● | △ | ※ | ● | △ | ● |
Song et al. [39], 2016 | ● | △ | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Fen et al. [40], 2017 | ● | △ | ※ | ● | ● | ※ |
Ryan Greysen [41], 2017 | ● | △ | ※ | ● | ● | △ |
Lagergren et al. [42], 2018 | ● | ● | ※ | ● | ※ | ● |
Sharada et al. [43], 2018 | ● | △ | ● | ● | △ | ● |
Larissa S et al. [44], 2012 | ● | △ | ● | ● | ※ | ● |
Mitsuhiro S et al. [45], 2018 | ● | ● | ※ | ● | ● | ● |
Hajime T et al. [46], 2019 | ※ | △ | △ | ● | ※ | △ |
Greg A et al. [47], 2015 | ● | ※ | ※ | ● | ● | ● |
Ramon L et al. [48], 2018 | ● | ● | ※ | ● | ● | ● |
Julieta et al. [49], 2016 | ● | △ | ※ | ● | ● | ● |
Saori et al. [50], 2017 | ● | ※ | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Edward et al. [51], 2016 | ● | △ | ● | ● | ● | ※ |
Vicky et al. [52], 2017 | ※ | △ | △ | ● | △ | ● |
Julie [53], 2019 | ● | △ | ● | ● | ※ | ● |
Shota Hamada et al. [54], 2019 | ● | △ | ※ | ● | ● | ● |
Peter et al. [55], 2015 | ● | ● | ※ | ● | △ | △ |
Maria et al. [56], 2017 | △ | △ | △ | ● | ● | △ |
Leena et al. [57], 2017 | ● | △ | ● | ● | ※ | ● |
Notes: ● Low risk of bias; △ High risk of bias; ※ Unclear.